attendance,

participation in committee work, (as an indicator of "commitment" to the mission;

"patience for the democratic process" of healthy debate and group decision making;

"ability to respect and be tolerate of other people's opinion";

"capacity to work well"...; and

"perseverance" and follow through...to "get things done"),

diversity,

skill base,

geography, AND

discussions.

As a newly forming organization, the only way that the issues listed above could be determined was generally by regular attendance in Steering Committee or other standing committee meetings. NO ONE could find an appropriate method to judge or meet the satisfactory fulfillment of the minimum qualifications of individuals who were not actively involved in the long formation and learning process.

The accepted slate for the Board of Directors is composed of:

Name Boro Neighborhood

MEMBER GARDENERS
Cecile Charles-King Brooklyn Prospect Heights
Rosalyn Forbes* Brooklyn Bushwick
Susan Harmon* Brooklyn Fort Green
Connie Hudgins* Brooklyn Clinton Hill
Patrick McCarty Brooklyn Carroll Gardens
Robert Matthews Brooklyn Crown Heights
Larry Pampellone Brooklyn Flatbush
Moses Smith Queens South Jamaica
Ada Smothers Queens East Elmhurst
Tom Twente Brooklyn Park Slope

RESOURCE PEOPLE
Earl Johnson* Brooklyn Bus. Admin.
E. Perry Winston Brooklyn Architect

*Indicates nominated for officers: treasurer, secretary, president, and vice president.

Board Demographics

The nominees include: ten(10) Member Gardens (eight in Brooklyn and two in Queens; five men and five women); eight persons of African/American, Caribbean, and/or Native American descent and four of European or Meditterrean descent; AND two resource persons.

The board's skill base includes: administration (non-profit, private and public sectors); architecture; banking (including nonprofit auditing); community organizing; education (ranging from early childhood to college level), human services, journalism, law, nursing, management (nonprofit and public sectors); open space/greening or environment; research (nonprofit and social policy); and transportation.

The board is split down the middle between two age groups: 35-55, and 56+.

The Nominations Committee will continue searching for three additional resource persons that will round out the needed skill base.

The next meeting is February 28, 2004 with the location to be announced at a later date. It will be listed on our Calendar page, as well as any other committee meetings or garden events. The agenda for the 2/28/04 meeting will include:

Organizational Meeting of the Corporation

Initial Board of Directors Meeting

Membership Meeting


If you want to know more about the incorporation procedure, contact Paul Joseph Coppa at Trust for Public Land (TPL) at (212)677-7171.

Some committees are still functioning. The next Communications Committee and Operations Committee meetings will be held on February 7, 2004. Look to the Club calendar on the left side of the websiste for further details.
Make it a good day.
________________________________________
December 29-January 4, 2004
December 30
First Quarter Moon

December 30, 31
Best days to destroy pests and weeds

January 1
New Year's Day

January 1, 2
Best day to cut hair to encourage growth

Brooklyn Queens Land Trust -----

Happy New Year!

As technology and globalization have brought communities and nations together, let us celebrate our New Year with a cross-cultural nod to other traditions. For example, we could benefit from the Chinese custom of starting the new year free of debt. The African-American Kwanzaa toast of "Harambee" says, "Let's all pull together." In Scotland, the year starts with the ritual of first-footing, in which the first person over the threshold brings a small gift for the household's good fortune. Remember, what you do on January 1, you will do often.
____________________________________________

Plant Quizzes and Plant Features
FEATURED PLANT
WEEDS

An Educated Look At Weeds
by Dan Clost

Along with swelling buds, and greening grass we are also noticing weeds so now is a good time to learn a little bit about these so-called enemies. To help us out, I met with Wendy Asbil. She asked to be identified as a lecturer/researcher in pest management, mostly weeds and forages, cereals and alternative crops. A rather broad spectrum, wouldn't you agree? So I can't tell you about her academic qualifications, her research papers, her involvement in biorational controls and a hockeysock full of other really impressive stuff. I can tell you that, as a research scientist and lecturer at the University of Guelph, there are very few persons her equal.

Wendy has the following description of a weed: there are several definitions of a weed. It is a plant that has a negative impact on crop production (like our front lawn) and animals (like people). It competes with desired plants, reduces quality/value. It can harbour diseases and harmful insects. Weeds are always part of production, gardening, etc. They are plants that we strive to control but cannot expect to eliminate.

(Commentary: Sort of a comprehensive answer isn't it? There are plants out there that qualify as both a desired species and as a weed, depending upon who is doing the naming. Evening Primrose is one of those. In a properly tended residential setting, it is easily controlled and provides three seasons of colour.)

She pointed out that the presence of a particular weed gives us quite a bit of information. They can be indicators of soil conditions such as pH [plantain & sorrel like high acid content], high organic matter [groundsels], poor drainage [horsetail] and compaction [knotweed].

(Commentary: And then there are some that will grow just about everywhere and under just about every condition. Dandelions are the one that pops up in my mind.)

By understanding these indicators we know that we can change the weed spectrum by altering soil conditions. We can aerate, drain, feed or add lime. Anything that will keep the weed off-kilter so that they are less likely to become established.

Generally weeds shouldn't cause too much concern unless they are new weeds that you haven't seen before. These can be the result of unclean seed or plant materials, manure, topsoil, compost or they can be the result of propagules brought in by wind, animals, your own clothes and vehicles. (Commentary: Propagules are any bit of a plant that can produce a new plant: bulbs, cuttings, rhizomes even a little piece of a succulent stem, like our friend purslane. We know all about the wind and dandelions floating in on their little parachutes (pappus) and we have picked enough burdock and beggar-ticks seeds off of our trousers and shoelaces to have a very good understanding of a weed's ability to travel and see a bit of the world before settling down to raise its own generation of progeny. Have you thought about those cute little birds that are attracted to your feeder? Some seeds sort of scoot through the digestive tract after being nicely scratched (scarified) in the crop. A small price to pay for their cheerful presence but one we can be aware of practices that will help us stay below our chemical-action threshold.)

Weeds in a flowerbed or vegetable garden are relatively easy to control. Hand pulling is the cheapest and easiest method unless there is an overwhelming infestation. It is important to remove all weed debris from the garden. Some of the little devils, like the succulent purslane, can quite easily reproduce itself from the smallest piece of stem if left lying about.

The second, and the best, is to employ properly applied mulch. Weed suppression is only one of the many benefits of its use. And yes, I do tend to go on about mulch, but I am convinced it is a gardener's best friend.

The absolute best method of weed control, to paraphrase Wendy, is to make grass the pioneer crop in your greensward. "Make grass the living mulch that suppresses weeds." Have an understanding of grass' cultural needs and then provide that environment.

Unfortunately, weeds are exceptionally tenacious and circumvent most of our efforts. They warrant a more detailed look in three distinct groups. The first is annuals. Crabgrass is one of the more well known although quite a few people think of it as a perennial scourge due to its repeated appearances. In our area (Eastern Ontario) we have two types, Large Crab Grass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Smooth Crab Grass (Digitaria ischaemum). The differences are moot as control is the same: don't let their seed germinate. Deny them light by growing a dense healthy stand of grass. That's all it takes. In fact, others in this class, Common Mallow (Malva neglecta) Yellow Clover/Black Medic (Medicago lupilina) and Purslane (Portulaca oleracea), are susceptible to the same control. Hand pulling has the advantage of preventing seed set. The efficacy of this method depends on the size of the yard, the degree of infestation and how many munchkins are about that you can convince to do the job.

Perennials is the next category. Dandelion, or by its other sobriquets of Taraxacum officinale, dent-de-lion, and "first spring bouquet our children present to us" is the best known. We are aware of its long taproot and how easily it breaks when we try to spud them out. If this is your preferred method of control, Wendy suggests that you try doing it after rain or a watering. The combination of the tapered root and the "looser" damp soil increases the amount of root that will pull up.

However, if you only get the tops, don't be discouraged. This is the time of the year that the weed is at its most vulnerable. All perennials, even Creeping Charlie (Glechoma heraceae), are busily using up their nutrient reserves to grow these tops. Eventually, if you are as persistent as they, they will run out of food.

The last group is biennials, plants that require two growing seasons to complete their life cycle. The first year plant is usually a rosette or cluster of leaves very close to the ground and compact. Blueweed (Echium vulgare) and Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) are two familiar plants in this category. As Wendy points out, this is the easiest group to control because you have an entire growing season to take care of the vegetative parts. Mowing and hand pulling are the best methods.

If all else fails, and if you are philosophically inclined, chemical control is the heavy artillery. Proprietary products are available to the homeowner, usually as part of a fertilizer mix or a mixable product containing 2,4-D or glyphosate. Commercial applicators employ a wider range of chemicals and can treat large areas relatively economically. Whichever you use, please be aware that this stuff is exceptionally toxic and must be handled with consideration.

In closing, decide on your threshold acceptance level, identify the weeds and use an integrated approach that is the least intrusive to the environment.

Dan Clost is the proprietor of Dan Clost's Greenscapes located in Trenton, Ontario. 'Greenscapes' is a multi-discipline company focussing on useable greenspaces. This involves designing and creating restful oases or the restoration and renovation of older gardens.
The heart of his garden writing is sharing the enjoyment of this good earth with others and encouraging responsible stewardship of our own little bits.

A graduate of the University of Guelph in agriculture and horticulture, Dan spends his spare time as the wholesaler for a large nursery.

email: dbclost@sympatico.ca
_______________________________________

Un Educado Mira Hierbas por Dan Clost
junto con hincharse brotes, y césped de greening nosotros advertimos también que hierbas tan ahora son un tiempo bueno de aprender un pedacito pequeño acerca de estos enemigos llamados. Para ayudarnos fuera, yo encontré con Wendy Asbil. Ella pidió ser identificado como un conferenciante/investigador en la administración de peste, en su mayor parte hierbas y forrajes, las cosechas de cereales y alternativa. ¿Un espectro bastante ancho, usted no concordaría? Tan yo no lo puedo decir acerca de sus requisitos académicos, sus papeles de investigación, su participación en controles de biorational y un hockeysock repletos de otro material realmente impresionante. Yo lo puedo decir eso, como un científico de investigación y conferenciante en la Universidad de Guelph, hay muy pocas personas que ella iguala.

Wendy tiene la descripción siguiente de una hierba: hay varias definiciones de una hierba. Es una planta que tiene un impacto negativo en la producción de la cosecha (como nuestro césped anterior) y los animales (como personas). Compite con plantas deseadas, reduce la calidad/el valor. Puede abrigar las enfermedades e insectos perjudiciales. Las hierbas son siempre partes de la producción, la horticultura, etc. Ellos son plantas que nosotros nos esforzamos por controlar pero no pueden esperar eliminar.

¿ (El comentario: el Tipo de una respuesta completa no es? Hay plantas fuera allí que califica como una especie deseada y como una hierba, dependiendo de que hace el denominar. La Primavera nocturna es uno de ésos. En una colocación residencial apropiadamente tendida, se controla fácilmente y proporciona tres temporadas del color.)

Ella indicó que la presencia de cierta hierba nos da bastante un poco de información. Ellos pueden ser indicadores de condiciones de tierra tales como pH [plátano & acedera como el contenido alto ácido], alto materia orgánica [hierbas cana], desagüe pobre [la cola de caballo] y la compactación [knotweed].

(El comentario: Y entonces hay algún que crecerá casi igual por todas partes y bajo casi igual cada condición. Los dientes de león son el que pincha arriba en mi mente.)

Entendiendo estos indicadores nosotros sabemos que podemos cambiar el espectro de hierba alterando las condiciones de tierra. Podemos airear, poder desaguar, poder alimentar o podemos agregar cal. Algo que mantendrá la hierba lejos buen estado para que ellos serán menos probables de llegar a ser establecido.

Generalmente hierbas no deben causar debe concernir demasiado a menos que ellos sean hierbas nuevas que usted no ha visto antes. Estos pueden ser el resultado de materias impuras de semilla o planta, el abono, la capa superficial del suelo, el abono o ellos pueden ser el resultado de propagules introdujo por viento, los animales, su propia ropa y los vehículos. (El comentario: Propagules es de cualquier bit de una planta que puede producir una planta nueva: bombillas, cuttings, los rizomas aún un pedazo pequeño de un tallo suculenta, como nuestro purslane de amigo. Sabemos todo acerca del viento y los dientes de león que flotan en en sus paracaídas (pappus) pequeños y nosotros hemos escogido suficiente cadillo y las semillas de auditorías de mendigo lejos de nuestros pantalones y encajes a tener una comprensión muy buena de una habilidad de hierba para viajar y ver un poco del mundo antes establecer para levantar su propia generación de progenie. ¿Ha pensado usted acerca de esos pájaros pequeños monos que son atraídos a su alimentador? Algunos siembran el tipo de deslizamiento por el tracto digestivo después que para se rasguñar agradablemente (escarificó) en la cosecha. Un precio pequeño pagar por su presencia alegre pero uno nosotros podemos estar enterados de las prácticas que ayudarán nosotros permanece debajo de nuestro umbral de la acción de sustancia química.)

Las hierbas en un cuadro de flores o el jardín vegetal son relativamente fáciles de controlar. Entregue tirar es el método más barato y más fácil a menos que hay una infestación agobiante. Es importante quitar todos escombros de hierba del jardín. Parte del diablos pequeños, quieren el purslane suculenta, bastante puede reproducirse fácilmente del pedazo más pequeño del tallo si izquierdo mintiendo acerca de.

El segundo, y el mejor, deberá emplear pajote apropiadamente aplicado. La supresión de la hierba es sólo uno de los muchos beneficios de su uso. Y sí, tiendo a pasar acerca de pajote, pero soy convencido lo es un jardinero mejor amigo.

El mejor método absoluto del control de hierba, para parafrasear Wendy, deberá hacer césped la cosecha de pionero en su césped. "Césped de marca el pajote vivo que suprime hierbas." Tenga una comprensión de césped' las necesidades culturales y entonces con tal de que el ambiente.

Desgraciadamente, las hierbas son excepcionalmente tenaces y rodean la mayor parte de nuestros esfuerzos. Ellos justifican una mirada más detallada en tres grupos claros. El primer es anual. Crabgrass es uno del más bien conocido aunque bastantes personas piensen en lo como una planta perenne azota debido a sus apariencias repetidas. En nuestra área (Ontario Oriental) tenemos dos tipos, Césped Grande de Cangrejo (sanguinalis de Digitaria) y Suavizamos Césped de Cangrejo (ischaemum de Digitaria). Las diferencias son discutibles como control es el mismo: no permitió que su semilla germine. Niégue quelos encienden creciendo un soporte sano denso de césped. Eso es todo toma. De hecho, los otros en esta clase, Malva Común (neglecta de Malva) Trébol Amarillo/Médico Negro (lupilina de Medicago) y Purslane (oleracea de Portulaca), están susceptible al mismo control. Entregue tirar tiene la ventaja de prevenir el conjunto de la semilla. La eficacia de este método depende del tamaño de la yarda, el grado de la infestación y cuántos munchkins está acerca de que usted puede convencer a hacer el trabajo.

Las plantas perennes son la próxima categoría. El diente de león, o por sus otros apodos de officinale de Taraxacum, el bollo de león, y "primero ramillete de primavera que nuestros niños presentan a nosotros" es el mejor conocido. Estamos enterados de su taproot largo y cuán fácilmente rompemos cuando tratamos al spud ellos fuera. Si esto es su método preferido del control, Wendy sugiere que usted trata hacerlo después de lluvia o un regar. La combinación de la raíz estrechada y la tierra húmeda más "floja" aumenta la cantidad de raíz que se arrancará.

Sin embargo, si usted sólo obtiene las cimas, no son desalentado. Esto es el tiempo del año que la hierba está en su muy vulnerable. Todas plantas perennes, Arrastrando aún Charlie (heraceae de Glechoma), utilizan ocupadamente arriba sus reservas de alimento nutritivo para crecer estas cimas. Eventualmente, si usted es tan persistente como ellos, ellos se quedarán sin alimento.

El último grupo es bienal, las plantas que requiere dos temporadas crecientes a completar su ciclo vital. La primera planta de año es generalmente un rosette o grupo de hojas muy cerca del suelo y comprime. Blueweed (vulgare de Echium) y Mullein Común (thapsus de Verbascum) son dos plantas familiares en esta categoría. Cuando Wendy indica, esto es el grupo más fácil de controlar porque usted tiene una temporada creciente entera para cuidar de las partes vegetativas. Cortar y tirar de mano son los mejores métodos.

Si todo falla más, y si usted es inclinado filosóficamente, el control químico es la artillería pesada. Los productos propietarios están disponibles al propietario, generalmente como la parte de una combinación de abono o un producto de mixable que contienen 2,4-D o glyphosate. Los aplicadores comerciales emplean una gran variedad de sustancias químicas y pueden tratar áreas grandes relativamente económicamente. El que usted utiliza, está por favor enterado que este material es excepcionalmente tóxico y debe ser manejado con la consideración.

En el fin, decida en su nivel de la aceptación de umbral, identifica las hierbas y utiliza un enfoque integrado que es lo menos intruso al ambiente.

Dan Clost es el propietario de Clost de Dan Greenscapes localizó en Trenton, Ontario. 'Greenscapes' es un multi la compañía de la disciplina que enfoca en el greenspaces de useable. Esto implica diseñar y creando oasis tranquilos o la restauración y renovación de jardines más viejos. El corazón de su escritura del jardín comparte el placer de esta tierra buena con otros y gerencia responsable alentadora de nuestros propios pedacitos pequeños.

Un graduado de la Universidad de Guelph en la agricultura y la horticultura, Dan gasta su tiempo libre como el mayorista para una guardería infantil grande.

correo electrónico: dbclost@sympatico.ca ________________________________________
READING WEEDS

Every gardener grumbles about weeds. It's what we do when we're not grumbling about soil, weather or snails. But biologist Ron Whitehurst says that maybe we should stop grumbling and start studying our weeds. They have a lot to tell us about our gardens.

Whitehurst, who helps farmers make the transition from conventional, chemical-based agriculture to sustainable agro-ecological farming, recently presented a workshop on "reading" weeds at Common Ground in Palo Alto.

His premise is that everything has a function in nature. Even the weeds we disparage have a role, and the more we understand that role, the more successful our gardening and farming will be. For example, lupine plays the role of pioneer. Because it can grow in densely compacted soil, it is often the first plant to appear in reclaimed or damaged soil -- picture Interstate 280 near the Highway 92 interchange in San Mateo, with its sad, scraped soil covered in blooming lupine right now. Not only can lupine penetrate thick soil, making it easier for other plants to grow, but it also adds valuable nitrogen to the ground, improving conditions for other plants.

Also, should you be standing, shovel in hand, in front of a field of nothing but lupine, you're being given a good indication that there's probably a whole lot of backbreaking work ahead.

Understanding the cultivation requirements of a weed -- how much water it needs, what soil composition it prefers -- will reveal a wealth of information for us should that weed spring up in our garden.

Whitehurst says legume weeds grow where nitrogen is low, and grasses, where nitrogen is high. Chickweed and annual bluegrass like a steady supply of water to the surface. On the other hand, deep-rooted weeds such as purslane suggest a low water table.

This kind of information can be very specific. The appearance of sheep sorrel indicates acidic, low-lime soil that has insufficient drainage and a hard pan (a nearly impervious, very nasty subsoil layer that interferes with water circulation and root growth).

Also, knowing how a specific weed seed germinates -- does it need standing water or a period of deep cold? -- can be useful information. That weed may be telling us that a particular area of our garden may be colder than the rest, or that water pools in that corner. The seed had its needs met, or it would never have germinated.

So, what can a dandelion tell us? It typically indicates a nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich soil. If the plant appears stunted, it's communicating a low phosphorus level. And what about the all-invasive oxalis? Whitehurst says it's a sign of a soil rich in nitrogen.

All this information and more is available at www.dietrick.org/reading.htm. Weeds have a lot to tell us, and the more knowledge we have, the better gardeners we'll be.

One last point: If you haven't stopped by Common Ground since it opened its new store in Palo Alto, do so. It's got a wonderful free library and is well stocked with plants, seeds, tools and books.

Common Ground Organic Garden Supply and Education Center
559 College Ave.
Palo Alto, CA 94306
(650) 493-6072

LEER DESHIERBA

Cada jardinero se queja acerca de hierbas. Es lo que hacemos cuando nosotros no nos quejamos acerca de tierra, el tiempo ni los caracoles. Pero biólogo Ron Whitehurst dice que quizá debemos parar quejar y comienzo que estudian nuestras hierbas. Ellos tienen mucho en decirnos acerca de nuestros jardines.

Whitehurst, que ayuda a granjeros hace la transición de la agricultura basada de sustancia química convencional a la agricultura ecológica del agro sostenible, presentó recientemente un taller a "leer" hierbas en puntos comunes en el Contralto de Palo.

Su premisa es ese todo tiene una función en la naturaleza. Aún las hierbas que desacreditamos tienen un papel, y el más entendemos ese papel, la más exitosa nuestra horticultura y la agricultura serán. Por ejemplo, los juegos lupinos el papel de pionero. Porque puede crecer en la tierra densamente comprimida, es a menudo la primera planta para aparecer en la tierra recuperada o dañada -se imagina Interestatal 280 cerca de la Carretera 92 intercambian en San Mateo, con su tierra triste y raspadas cubrieron a florecer lupino en este momento. No sólo pueda lupino penetra tierra gruesa, lo haciendo más fácil para otras plantas para crecer, pero agrega también nitrógeno valioso al suelo, mejorando las condiciones para otras plantas.

También, lo debe es la posición, la pala en la mano, delante de un campo de nada pero lupino, usted es dado una indicación buena que hay probablemente un muchos trabajo agotador entero adelante.

Comprensión de los requisitos del cultivo de una hierba -cuánta agua que lo necesita, qué composición de tierra que lo prefiere -revelará información en abundancia para nosotros debe esa hierba aparece en nuestro jardín.

Whitehurst dice hierbas de que legumbre crecen donde nitrógeno es bajo, y los céspedes, donde nitrógeno es alto. Chickweed y blue grass anual como un suministro constante de agua a la superficie. Por otro lado, hierbas enraizadas tales como purslane sugiere un nivel freático bajo.

Esta clase de información puede ser muy específica. La apariencia de acedera de oveja indica tierra de cal baja ácida que tiene desagüe insuficiente y una cacerola dura (una capa muy desagradable casi insensible de subsuelo que interviene con la circulación de agua y crecimiento de raíz).

¿También, instruido cómo una semilla específica de hierba germina -necesita parándose agua o un período del frío profundo? -Puede ser útil información. Esa hierba nos puede estar diciendo que cierta área de nuestro jardín puede tener frío que los demás, o esa agua aúnan en ese rincón. La semilla tuvo sus necesidades encontraron, o nunca habrían germinado.

¿Así, qué puede decir un diente de león nosotros? Indica típicamente un nitrógeno- y tierra rica de fósforo. Si la planta aparece detenida, comunica un nivel bajo del fósforo. ¿Y qué tal el todo oxalis invasivo? Whitehurst dice es un signo de una tierra rica en el nitrógeno.

Todo esta información y más está disponible en www.dietrick.org/reading.htm. Las hierbas tienen mucho en decirnos, y el más conocimiento que tenemos, los mejores jardineros que seremos.

Un último punto: Si usted no ha parado por puntos comunes desde que abrió su tienda nueva en el Contralto de Palo, haga así. Se obtiene una biblioteca libre maravillosa y es bien stocked con plantas, las semillas, los instrumentos y los libros.

Los puntos comunes el Suministro Orgánico del Jardín y el Centro de la Educación 559 Avda Colegial. Contralto
de Palo, CA 94306 (650) 493-6072



Shady Vegetables

Is there anything sadder than a tomato plant in a shady backyard/garden? It's just sad and ugly and wrong. It ends up tall, gangly and weak and will never receive enough sun to produce a flower, much less a fruit. Folks with shady backyards/gardens are out of luck when it comes to growing most vegetables. Tomatoes, beans, squash and cucumbers typically need a full day of sunlight before they'll flower and fruit.

To garden in a city where the cold weather means you can't grow a decent beefsteak tomato even with full sun is one thing, but to be cursed with shade on top of that is enough to get you wondering about karma and past-life indiscretions.

Still, according to gardener Darin Dawson, who specializes in kitchen gardens, if you get three to four hours of sunlight in your yard, it ain't all bad. You can indeed grow plenty of leafy vegetables, including lettuces, spinach, arugula, chicory and endive. With these plants, we just avoid the fruiting issue altogether.

To succeed with your shade, Dawson suggests experimenting with watering your vegetables infrequently, as plants will need less water when they're not exposed to the drying rays of the sun. (Some leaf lettuces will turn into soggy lumps at the base when watered regularly with no sun to dry out the soil.) In addition, he says to give your vegetables good drainage so the roots don't rot away in a muddy puddle. Digging in a nice two-inch layer of compost before planting your lettuce is a great way to improve drainage.

I also talked with Carey Craddock, a garden manager, who encourages us to experiment freely, especially with summer shade, where you can grow a lot of cool-season vegetables such as chard and cauliflower. Heat plays a big factor here as well. If you've got a shady but warm and wind-protected spot, you'll have more success. She says your vegetables may not look like what you think they should -- they might be tender, long limbed and delicate -- but they're still edible.

Experimenting is key. With all our microclimates and oddball weather patterns, you never know what's going to work. In a friend's Prospect Heights backyard, I can grow arugula, lettuce and parsley in full shade, while my broccoli shade experiment was a creepy failure -- it grew thin and pale and quickly fell victim to an aphid attack. But you'll never know until you try. Go ahead and plant something.

NEVER give up. Ed.

Las Verduras sombreadas

¿Hay algo más triste que un tomate en un traspatio sombreado/el jardín? Está apenas triste y feo y equivocado. Acaba por alto, pandilla y débil y nunca recibirá suficiente sol para producir una flor, mucho menos una fruta. Las gente con traspatios sombreados/los jardines son fuera de suerte cuando vienen a crecer la mayoría de las verduras. Los tomates, los frijoles, la calabaza y los pepinos necesitan típicamente un día repleto de la luz del sol antes ellos florecerán y la fruta.

Al jardín en una ciudad donde el tiempo frío significa que usted no puede crecer un tomate decente de bistec aún con sol repleto es una cosa, pero para ser maldecido con sombra encima de que suficiente deberá obtener usted preguntándose acerca del karma e indiscreciones de vida de pasado.

Todavía, según jardinero Darin Dawson, que especializa en jardines de cocina, si usted obtiene tres a cuatro horas de la luz del sol en su yarda, lo ain' T todo malo. Usted puede crecer verdaderamente la abundancia de verduras frondosas, inclusive lechugas, la espinaca, arugula, la achicoria y la endibia. Con estas plantas, nosotros acabamos de evitar el asunto de fruiting enteramente.

Para triunfar con su sombra, Dawson sugiere experimentar con regar sus verduras pocamente frequente, como plantas necesitarán regará menos cuando ellos no son expuestos a los rayos del secamiento del sol. (Algunas lechugas de hoja se volverán empapado amontona en la base cuando regado regularmente sin sol para secar la tierra.) Además, él dice dar sus verduras desagüe bueno que así que las raíces no se pudran lejos en un charco fangoso. Cavar en una capa de dos pulgadas agradable de abono antes plantar su lechuga es una gran manera de mejorar desagüe.

Hablé también con Carey Craddock, un director del jardín, que alenta nosotros experimentar libremente, especialmente con sombra de verano, donde usted puede crecer muchas verduras de la temporada fresca tal como carbonizada y la coliflor. El calor juega un factor grande aquí también. Si usted ha obtenido un lugar sombreado pero tibio y protegido de viento, usted tendrá más éxito. Ella dice que sus verduras no pueden parecerse a lo que usted piensa que ellos deben -ellos quizás estén limbed tiernos y largos y delicado -pero ellos son todavía comestibles.

Experimentar es clave. Con todos nuestros microclimas y pautas de tiempo de oddball, usted nunca sabe lo que trabajará. En un traspatio de Alturas de Perspectiva de amigo, yo puedo crecer arugula, la lechuga y el perejil en la sombra repleta, mientras mi experimento de sombra de brécol era un fracaso escalofriante -creció delgado y pálido y cayó rápidamente a víctima a un ataque del afídido. Pero usted nunca sabrá hasta que usted tratará. Vaya adelante y plante algo.

Nunca renuncie. La educación.


Growing Gorgeous Garlic

No other herb has served as many roles in the culinary, medical and folkloric histories of so many cultures as garlic. An Egyptian medical papyrus from the 16th Century B.C. lists twenty-two remedies employing garlic for everything from heart disease and worms to tumors, headaches and bites. Ancient Olympic athletes chewed garlic to build strength and stamina, and for centuries, the Chinese have drunk garlic tea to relieve fevers, cholera and dysentery.

The culture of garlic is so ancient that no one knows where the plant first originated. Virtually every culture has used garlic from time immemorial, both as a food and as a healing plant. And it is not just old folklore that attributes garlic with healing powers. Louis Pasteur described the antibacterial properties of garlic. Albert Schweitzer, deep in the jungle without mainstream pharmaceuticals, gave his patients garlic for amoebic dysentery. Garlic was in great demand during the world wars as an antiseptic. In 1916 the British government asked for tons of garlic bulbs, offering 1 shilling per pound for as much as could be produced. Medical studies of the efficacy of the plant continue.

According to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1990, more than 1,000 scientific studies had described the therapeutic roles of garlic. In 1994, Dr. Adesh K. Jain of the Clinical Research Center and Tulane University School of Medicine, reported that garlic can lower blood levels of "total" cholesterol and particularly, of the dangerous low-density lipoprotein (LDL) form. Studies in Germany have shown that garlic is a natural blood thinner and is beneficial to patients suffering from blood clots, particularly in the legs.

Dr. Benjamin Lau, researcher at the Loma Linda University School of Medicine, has identified three ways garlic protects against cancer. Other researchers have validated and expanded his studies about how garlic protects against cancer and precancerous conditions. The list goes on and on showing that garlic is beneficial to humans, but the fact is that people love garlic-whether it's good for them or not!

In the garden, garlic is of great benefit in deterring pests. Almost every pest insect will run from the scent of garlic growing. Although people cannot generally smell garlic while it is growing, insects can, and that scent is enough to send them in another direction. Garlic has also been recommended to keep moles and other digging critters out of the garden.

When used as a spray, garlic helps keep insects and diseases as well out of the garden. In Organic Plant Protection, Roger B. Yepson, Jr. says that experiments on the use of garlic spray as an insecticide and as an antibiotic for controlling plant diseases show that "garlic sprays effectively controlled downy mildew of cucumber and radish, cucumber scab, bean rust, bean anthracnose, early blight of tomato, brown rot of stone fruits, angular leaf spot of cucumber, and bacterial blight of beans."

Common garlic (Allium sativum) is a member of the same group of plants as the onion. The leaves are long, narrow and flat like grass. The bulb develops underground into a cluster of bulblets, or cloves, that are held together in a sac of whitish skin. The flowers grow at the end of a stalk rising directly from the bulb and are generally whitish. Small bulbils grow among the flowers creating a globe of blossom. The small bulbils in the flowers are not seeds, but they can be planted. Generally it takes a couple of years for a plant to result from these tiny bulbs. They can also be used as flavoring in recipes.

There are two general kinds of garlic-the hardneck varieties and the softneck varieties. Hardneck garlics send up a central stalk that eventually matures into a cluster of flowers. Softnecks have evolved from the hardneck varieties and generally do not produce a flower stalk. The softnecks are easily braided and are valued for this characteristic, however, they are generally hotter than the hardneck types.

Because garlic is so wide-spread and adapted to every location and climate in the world, it is not difficult to find a type that grows well in your location. Your staple garden garlic should be one that has been growing in your area for a long time and is well adapted. Once you have that type going, you might want to try some exotic types from other places. The growing interest in garlic has encouraged commercial sources to seek out different types for people to grow.

Garlic heat can range from very hot to mild. Like pepper heat, garlic heat is a very subjective thing. Some people don't think garlic is hot at all, while others shy away from its taste. It is fun, then, to experiment with different types and find the one that suits your taste. You will find that any variety will produce better for you once you have grown it for a few years. Garlic adapts quickly to a location, and once established, produces more flavorful and larger bulbs.

Garlic will grow in almost any kind of soil. Like most other plants, however, it will grow better in better soil. Garlic flourishes best in a rich, moist, sandy soil. Soil to which organic matter has been added and which has been loosened well will provide good growing ground for garlic.

Rocambole (A. sativum var. ophioscorodon) is another common variety of garlic that has been a source of a good deal of confusion. According to Marian Coonse in her book Onions, Leeks & Garlic, "Identification of this perennial has been confusing botanists since 1601." At one point, it was even named A. sativum var. controversum. Rocambole resembles common garlic except that it is a much larger plant. The flower stalk will rise to three feet or more and the bulb is considerably larger than common garlic. The flavor is generally milder. Ms. Coonse describes the differences between common garlic and rocambole: "A distinguishing characteristic of rocambole is that as the stem rises above the leaves, it coils about itself, eventually straightening out again and continuing upward. A long, pointed green cap forms at the top of the flowering scape. As the buds open, the green cap falls to one side, exposing numerous tiny bulblets among the flowers." Rocambole is considered a hardneck garlic by commercial producers.

There are other plants that are related to garlic and that have garlic flavor, but are not strictly speaking garlic. Elephant garlic (A. ampelo-prasum) is more closely related to the leek. It is, however, grown just like common garlic, except the plants should be placed farther apart. Society garlic and garlic chives also have the flavor of garlic; they are members of the onion tribe that produce leaves but no bulbs. Both add garlic flavor to cooking and serve to deter pests in the garden.

October is the very best month for planting garlic, but again, garlic is very forgiving. In areas where the ground doesn't freeze, you can plant garlic any time from September to March. If you have cold winters, plant either in September or October or as early in the spring as you can work the soil. The plant is extremely frost-hardy, but it needs time to grow some roots before the soil freezes, so try to get them in the ground six to eight weeks in advance of a deep freeze.

Select a sunny spot for your garlic bed (but the plants will grow in the shade of deciduous trees) and work compost, manure, or other organic material into the soil. Separate the cloves in the bulb right before you are ready to plant and plant each clove about two inches deep and the cloves about six inches apart. The small, pointy end of the clove should point up. Smart gardeners plant garlic all over the place - around fruit and nut trees, in the vegetable garden, in the flower beds - wherever they want to discourage pests. A layer of organic mulch on top of the soil will help keep the temperature moderated and the growing plants moist. Keep weeds down as much as possible and give the young plants a spraying of seaweed tonic once a month or so through the winter.

Some experts say that the flower stalk should be removed to make the bulb larger; others say the flower stalk should remain in place. If you want to avoid a hard core in the center of your bulb, remove the flower stalk. Many gardeners love the beauty of the flower, however, and don't mind a central core in the bulb. The flower dries naturally and makes a wonderful addition to arrangements. They can be dried either by hanging upside down or by standing upright in a container-just be sure there is good air circulation. You can tell the garlic is ready to be dug when the flowers are fully open and mature or when the leaves begin to sag and yellow. The plants will mature anytime from May to September, depending on your location.

When you dig the bulbs, treat them as you do onions. Let them cure slowly in a spot where air circulates and there is very little moisture. Hang the plants (stalk, flower, roots and all) in a shed or other protected spot. In a couple of weeds, the plants will be "cured" and ready to store, The bulb can be cut from the stalk and place into containers that allow air to circulate. Garlic is stored best at temperatures between 55 and 65 degrees. You can also freeze whole bulbs of garlic to be used later. One convenient way to preserve garlic is to peel and chop it in a food processor with a small amount of oil and freeze it in a plastic bag or glass jar. When you are ready to use it, simply dip out what you want and put the rest back in the freezer.

As you begin to enjoy the flavor of your homegrown garlic, remember to save the fattest clove from each bulb to replant. If you select the best each year, soon your plants will be bigger and better than you ever imagined. As the plants become established, they will also form hard little bulbletes that often remain in the ground when you pull the bulb. These will make new plants, sometimes taking two years to form large plants, but soon your garlic patch will be self-sustaining and naturally burgeoning.

When you select a garlic to plant, avoid those bulbs at the grocery store. Most grocery store plants have been sprayed to keep them from sprouting. Find a local shop or organic grower at the farmer's market or a friend who can supply you with a type of garlic that has a good record of growing in your area. Once that garlic is established, branch out. Many varieties are available at local garden centers, by mail, and through seed exchanges.

Drought-Resistant Plants for Pots
by Ellen Zachos

In recent years, communities all over the United States have experienced some form of drought, and in response, many have restricted the use of water for gardening. As environmentally conscious gardeners, we need to find ways to create gardens—including container gardens—that require little, if any, supplemental watering.

In 1981, the Association of Landscapers and Contractors of Colorado coined the term "xeriscape." "Xeros" is Greek for dry and "scape" comes from the Anglo-Saxon "schap," meaning view. Xeriscape gardening promotes water conservation through inventive landscaping. It is water-efficient, but by no means restricted to stark collections of rocks and cacti. Drought-resistant container gardens need not sacrifice a variety of form and color. There's an additional benefit in planting a drought-tolerant potted garden—you will spend less time maintaining and more time enjoying it.


Fuzzy leaves are one sign that a plant is drought-tolerant.
There are certain characteristics that indicate drought tolerance, so keep these in mind when choosing xerophytic plants for containers: Silvery foliage and hairy or fuzzy leaves reflect sunlight, thus reducing water loss via transpiration, the normal loss of water vapor from a plant's leaves. Leaf hairs also act as a physical barrier to transpiration by reducing air movement over the surface of the leaf. Succulent plant parts, like the leaves of rose moss (Portulaca species), store water for drier times. A thick cuticle (a waxy coating secreted by the plant's epidermal cells) slows the loss of water through the leaf surface. The leaves of ivy-leaved geranium, Pelargonium peltatum, have just such a cuticle. A taproot is another excellent water storage device. Plants with taproots, like butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), store enough water to get through periods of drought.

Drought-tolerant Plants

There are so many xerophytic plants that it would be impossible to include them all here. A good rule of thumb is to choose plants that are native to your area; a number of the non-native ornamentals recommended as drought-tolerant candidates for the garden have become invasive, threatening North American habitats and their associated plants and animals. Plants known to be invasive should not be used in regions where they have been noted as such or other regions with similar climates and growing conditions.

Plants grown in containers are more exposed to the elements than their peers growing in the ground, and therefore should be treated as less hardy. The hardiness listing provided for each perennial gives the zone to which that plant is reliably hardy in a container setting, which is generally two zones warmer than its USDA listing. For example, sea holly (Eryngium bourgatii) is hardy to Zone 5 when it grows in the ground and container-hardy to Zone 7.

Herbaceous Perennials

Sea Holly Eryngium bourgatii—This plant has a wonderful structure and is exceedingly tough. Its leaves are stiff and marked by white veins that complement the spiny, silvery white flower bracts. It is container-hardy to Zone 7 and grows to 24 inches tall.

Perennial Flax Linum perenne—The flowers of perennial flax are a deep, clear, true blue. They open in the heat of day and close again by evening. This easy-to-grow plant does best in full sun and well-drained soil. It's container-hardy to Zone 7 and reaches 1 to 2 feet in height.

Coneflower Echinacea purpurea—This drought-tolerant North American native grows best in sandy soil and full sun. The white cultivars are especially attractive and grow to 24 inches tall. This makes them somewhat shorter than their more common pink cousin. All Echinacea bloom from July through August and are container-hardy to Zone 6.

Globe Thistle Echinops bannaticus—This thistle has long-lasting, pale blue, globe-shaped flowers that make excellent cut and dried displays. Foliage and growth habit are also very attractive. Globe thistle is container-hardy to Zone 6 and reaches 2 to 3 feet tall (depending on the cultivar).

Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa—Its taproot makes this North American native an especially drought-tolerant choice, and its flowers attract bees and butterflies to your garden in abundance. Cultivars range from 1 to 3 feet in height, with flowers available in yellow, orange, vermilion, or white. It is container-hardy to Zone 6.

Annuals


Butterflies love lantana, which is grown as an annual in cooler regions. Individual flowers change their color to yellow once they have been pollinated.
Lantana Lantana species—Available in numerous colors, including yellow, orange, red, white, pink, and lavender, lantana—or shrub verbena, as it is often called—comes in both upright (Lantana camara) and weeping forms (Lantana montevidensis). The leaves have a spicy fragrance, and the plant will flower all summer long if conscientiously dead-headed. Seed heads are also attractive and mature to a shiny, blue-black fruit. (In frost-free areas, Lantana camara is hardy and will grow into a shrub. However, it is known to be invasive in Florida and Hawaii. Gardeners in these states should refrain from growing this plant.)

Sunflower Helianthus annuus—The many varieties range from 2 to 12 feet tall and offer flowers in white, yellow, orange, or red. Some cultivars have huge, single flowerheads, while others have several flowers per stalk. All make excellent accent plants and add height to your containers.

Blue Marguerite Felicia amelloides—This marguerite has lovely blue petals surrounding a yellow center. It ranges from 1 to 3 feet tall and grows best in full sun. This annual flowers best in cool weather, so use it for early spring bloom, then cut it back for another round of flowers in fall.

Zinnia Zinnia angustifolia—Available with white or orange flowers, both with yellow-orange centers, Mexican zinnia grows 8 to 12 inches tall and is quite drought-tolerant. The plant flowers profusely, and its leaves are an attractive gray-green with a linear shape. It is sometimes sold as Zinnia linearis.

Ivy-leaved Geranium Pelargonium peltatum—Dark green, shiny leaves and a trailing growth habit make this plant particularly valuable for container culture. Its blooms are not as large as those on some other geraniums but the color and shape are lovely, and its foliage helps weave together the diverse contents of your container.

Annual and Perennial Vines

Bougainvillea—Nothing beats the brilliance of Bougainvillea. An annual in the North, it's a fast grower, with solid green- or white-variegated leaves and colorful petal-like bracts (not flowers) that can be magenta, white, yellow, orange, or pink. Cut it back and bring it indoors for the winter if you have a sunny window.

Trumpet Creeper Campsis radicans—An excellent choice to cover a trellis or arbor, this North American native vine grows quickly and gives good coverage within two or three years. Flowers can be shades of orange or yellow, depending on the cultivar, and the vine blooms for several months in summer. It is container-hardy to Zone 7.

Morning Glory Ipomoea tricolor—The classic "morning glory blue" is a true symbol of summer, but a rich array of purples, pinks, and stripes are also worth growing. Ipomoea grows quickly and prefers sandy, poor soil. It can easily cover a full-sized tree or two-story house in a single growing season.

Sweet Autumn Clematis Clematis terniflora—This vine delivers a blast of bloom just when you need it: in autumn, when thoughts of winter creep into every gardener's brain. Throughout the summer, its attractive, three-lobed leaves nicely cover an arbor or fence. In early fall, the profusion of white blooms is the finishing touch. The vine, often sold as Clematis paniculata, is container-hardy to Zone 7.

Cape Leadwort Plumbago auriculata—The flowers of cape leadwort are usually a clear pale blue, although a white cultivar is also available. Dead-heading helps guarantee bloom throughout the summer season. This vine is tender north of Zone 9, but just like Bougainvillea, it can be cut back in fall and overwintered indoors.

Bulbs

Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis—It is impossible to overpraise this earliest harbinger of spring. Snowdrop makes a fragrant cut flower, although its scent isn't discernible in the cold winter air. On a warm day, or indoors, its perfume is lovely and delicate. Snowdrops bloom in late winter, and the foliage disappears when the plant goes dormant in mid-spring.


Tulipa tarda is a reliable perennial bulb.
Bearded Iris Iris germanica—The many bearded iris hybrids offer a huge range of color choices, including purples, whites, golds, pinks, and reds. Flowers are intricate and showy, and the upright foliage is an excellent accent for the container garden, even when the plant is not in bloom.

Tulipa Tarda—While some tulips can be temperamental, Tulipa tarda is an outstanding, reliable, hardy, drought-tolerant perennial. It blooms in April, and its brilliant, two-toned flowers are real showstoppers.

Onion Allium species—There are many alliums to choose from, all of them quite drought-tolerant. Heights range from 6 inches to 3 feet, and umbels come in many shades of purple and blue as well as yellow and pink.

Fall-blooming Crocus Crocus speciosus—This crocus blooms without foliage. Its flowers are considerably larger than those of the spring-blooming crocus, and it grows well in sandy, well-drained soils. Full sun is best, but some shade is fine.

Shrubs

Bluemist Spirea Caryopteris x clandonensis—This is an outstanding shrub with blue flowers in August and September. It blooms best in full sun and a well-drained soil, and is container-hardy to Zone 7. Its attractive gray-green foliage has a spicy scent. Treat this shrub, also called bluebeard and false blue spirea, as a perennial and cut it back to the ground in late winter; flowers are borne on new growth.

Cranberry Cotoneaster Cotoneaster apiculatus—This low-growing shrub has an attractive, stiff branching pattern. Its small leaves are shiny and the plant is covered with cranberry-red fruit. It is container-hardy to Zone 7 and its cascading growth habit is especially useful at the front of a large container.

Oregon Grape Mahonia aquifolium—A lovely shrub with blue-green, spiky leaflets, it is container-hardy to Zone 7 and can take some shade. Yellow flowers are borne in spring, followed by grape-shaped (non-edible) fruit. This evergreen shrub grows to approximately 3 feet tall.

Japanese Holly Ilex crenata—A small-leafed evergreen with black berries borne on female plants, this holly is more drought-tolerant than most and grows best in well-drained soils. It grows well in sun or shade and is container-hardy to Zone 7.

Spirea Spiraea thunbergii—One of the earliest spring-flowering shrubs, it has numerous white flowers. The foliage of this bushy plant turns a pretty orange-yellow in fall. Prune it to keep it in shape. It is container-hardy to Zone 6.

Small Trees

Purpleleaf Sand Cherry Prunus x cistena—The purple foliage makes this tree an excellent and valuable accent plant. Grow it as a multi-stemmed shrub or a small tree. It is container-hardy to Zone 4.

Apricot Prunus armeniaca—This attractive small tree has pretty pink flowers in April or May, followed by edible fruit in July and August. This apricot is container-hardy to Zone 6.

Colorado Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata—The needles of this slow-growing North American native evergreen have an attractive bluish cast. Its picturesque growth habit is reminiscent of a trained bonsai and makes this plant a natural focal point. It is container-hardy to Zone 6.

Downy Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea—This North American native has several things to recommend it. Delicate, white flowers precede foliage in very early spring and its gray bark is lovely year-round. This Amelanchier is the most drought-tolerant of the genus, grows in sun or shade, and is container-hardy to Zone 6.

Black-Haw Viburnum prunifolium—An incredibly tough North American native, black-haw or plum-leaf viburnum, as it is also known, tolerates dry conditions and will grow in partial shade or sun. White, flat-topped flowers in May are followed by black fruit in September. This tree has reddish purple fall color and is container-hardy to Zone 5.

Groundcovers

Carpet Bugleweed Ajuga reptans—This is an attractive groundcover all summer long that comes in a wide variety of foliage colors (bronze, purple, white, green). Lovely purple-blue flowers cover the plant in spring. It grows quickly, spreading by stolons, and is container-hardy to Zone 5.

Common Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi—This North American native is a slow grower but worth waiting for. It's container-hardy to Zone 5, and its evergreen foliage takes on a pretty bronze tint in winter. Long-lasting red berries follow pink, bell-shaped spring flowers.

Creeping Juniper Juniperus horizontalis—A tough North American native whose prostrate growth habit is well suited to draping a container edge. Container-hardy to Zone 5, its numerous cultivars offer varying shades of evergreen foliage, including blue-green, gray-blue, and dark green. Blue berries are an added bonus.

Cliff Green Paxistima canbyi—A North American native evergreen shrub with a low growth habit that makes it a useful groundcover. It's container-hardy to Zone 6 and will grow in sun or shade. Well-drained sandy soil is best. Leaves are small and linear and turn bronze in fall.

Wooly Thyme Thymus pseudolanuginosus—The creeping growth habit of this thyme is particularly useful in containers, allowing it to fill in the gaps between neighboring plants. Its leaves are fuzzy, fragrant, and very tough. This herb is container-hardy to Zone 6.

Ornamental Grasses

Feather Reed Grass Calamagrostis x acutiflora 'Karl Foerster' (syn. 'Stricta')—The botanical name is a mouthful, but worth learning to pronounce. This grass has a narrow, upright growth habit, reaches 5 feet in height, and needs full sun. It blooms in summer and its panicles are persistent, adding winter interest to your container. It is container-hardy to Zone 7.


Fountain grass, with fuzzy flower spikes.
Big Blue Stem Andropogon gerardii—This native North American grass once covered the prairies. It grows to 4 to 6 feet tall in containers, and its silvery blue foliage is truly beautiful. In fall, stems turn a striking coppery color. This grass grows best in full sun and is container-hardy to Zone 6.

Maiden Grass Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus' and zebra grass (M. sinensis 'Zebrinus') are two cultivars of Miscanthus with a clumping habit and a moderate growth rate. 'Gracillimus' reaches 5 to 6 feet tall and is topped by showy flowers in October. 'Zebrinus' has horizontal yellow stripes and reaches 7 feet tall. Both are hardy to Zone 7 and provide excellent winter interest. Maiden grass is invasive in some areas throughout the eastern U.S., from Florida to Texas, north to Massachusetts and New York. People who live in areas where maiden grass has proven problematic should refrain from growing it.

Tufted Fescue Festuca amethystina—A superb accent plant with beautiful gray-blue foliage topped by tan panicles of flowers in late summer. One of our smaller ornamental grasses, it grows to approximately 12 inches and does very well in containers. It is container-hardy to Zone 6, frequently evergreen, and can be cut back to the ground in early spring.

Fountain Grass Pennisetum setaceum—An annual grass in the north and well worth growing for its long-lasting, beautiful, fuzzy flower spikes. Cultivars with coppery red spikes and foliage are particularly useful as accent plants. This grass grows to 24 to 36 inches tall, depending on the cultivar.

Xeriscaping Tips for Container Gardeners
Container gardening presents its own set of challenges, among them more stressful growing conditions: As it holds only a limited amount of soil, a container offers limited room for roots to spread, dries out faster, and has a higher soil temperature. The following tips are based on principles formulated by the National Xeriscape Council, Inc., a non-profit organization, which serves as an informational clearinghouse for people interested in xeriscaping.

Plan Ahead: Consider where you're placing your containers. For example, a spot in the sun can be 20° F. hotter than a nearby spot in the shade, so put your most drought-tolerant plants in the most exposed part of the garden. Trellises and arbors, as well as trees, create useful pockets of shade, so take advantage of them. In addition, group only plants with similar water requirements in the same container. By choosing plants with similar requirements, you can reduce water waste and improve your plants' health, since each will receive what it needs; no more, no less. If you want to include a few water-lovers in your garden, select shade-tolerant varieties, and place the container in the shade.

Select Appropriate Plants: Choose plants suited to your region and microclimate. You've got some leeway here, because xeriscaping can mean different things in different parts of the country, depending on average temperature and rainfall. Start by looking at plants native to the drier habitats in your area; these plants frequently thrive without supplemental water.

Improve the Potting Mix: Use a potting mix that's quick-draining, water-retentive, and nutrient-rich. Consider adding an inorganic soil conditioner to your mix. Water-retaining polymers (hydrogels), for example, hold several hundred times their weight in water and release it gradually to the plants' roots; one teaspoon absorbs one quart of water. Finally, mycorrhizal fungi improve the ability of a plant to take up water and nutrients by working with the plant's root system. Packets of mycorrhizal fungi (combined with hydrogels, soil conditioners, and bio-stimulants) are available commercially and should be added to the soil before planting.

Irrigate efficiently: If you use an irrigation system, minimize water waste by applying the water exactly where it is needed. If possible, use drip emitters to deliver water to each container in your potted garden; drip irrigation systems use about 30 to 50 percent less water than sprinkler systems. They are highly efficient, delivering water directly to the roots of the plants, minimizing evaporation and run-off.

Use Mulch: A two- to three-inch layer of mulch covering the soil surface will cool the soil and help it retain moisture. In fact, soil that's one inch below a layer of mulch can be up to 10° F. cooler than unmulched soil at the same depth. Mulch reduces weed growth and organic mulch improves the fertility of the soil as it decomposes. It also prevents crusting of the soil surface, allowing water to penetrate to the root zone. Finally, the dark color and uneven surface of mulch limits reflectivity. Sand and clay soils can be highly reflective and bounce heat and light up onto plants. The fragmented surface of mulch reduces reflectivity and cools the adjacent area. Shredded or chipped bark, compost, and cocoa hulls make excellent mulches and will help you conserve water.

Maintain the Xeriscape: The initial soil preparation should be adequate for at least the first growing season. Do not overfertilize your xeriscape container garden, since this promotes weak growth that requires extra water. Keep pruning to a minimum as it actually encourages growth. Rather than pruning, research the growth habits of the plants you're interested in and pick only those that are the right size for your space. Be a vigilant weeder. Weeds compete with your plants for water and nutrients, thus increasing the total amount of water the container requires.




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Ellen Zachos is a Harvard graduate and received her Certificate in Horticulture from The New York Botanical Garden. She specializes in tropical plants and has restored several greenhouses in the New York City area, which she now maintains for her clients. Her company, Acme Plant Stuff, installs and maintains commercial and residential interior and exterior gardens in New York City.

Photos: Alan and Linda Detrick (1), David Cavagnaro (2, 3), Ellen Zachos (4)




B>Ferns for All
By Barbara Martin - Mid-Atlantic - May 15 to 29, 2003

I always pause to admire the demure Japanese painted fern in my garden.

Do you do ferns? I think everybody should do ferns. In fact, this year I'm experimenting with some that are new to me because I want more to go along with the ones I already have. "All fern one, one fern all."

Ferns I have Known and Loved

I always pause to admire the demure Japanese painted fern (Athyrium nipponicum "Pictum", zones 3-8). It's a ghostly thing, with chocolate-maroon stems and a dusting of freshly fallen redbud blossoms. In my tousled garden, this seems overly elegant, like a snippet of icy green lace and a hint of rosebuds.

I am entranced by the whorled patterns of the maidenhair fern (Adiatum pedatum, zones 3-8) living behind the potting shed where rain pours off the roof. I feared it too fragile to withstand such a pounding. It is beaten by acorns, and squirrels throw sticks there, too. But the fern still stands, tilted southward, reaching for the sunlight filtered through the oak tree.

I am bewitched by the spritely, fine-textured fronds of the hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctiloba, zones 3-8). This one reminds me of the make-believe world of fairy tales, where forest glens are inhabited by princesses, mice, and elves dancing in the moonlight. This fern is a trickster. Despite its ethereal look, it devours a shady swathe of prepared soil in the blink of an eye, and yes, it covers ground nicely in most other shady places -- and even takes some sun. In the fall, it turns golden like straw. When bruised, it should smell like fresh cut hay; maybe to you, but I am not convinced.

I am ambivalent about the Ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris a.k.a. M. pensylvanica, zones 3-7), too. Each spring it comes back bigger and bolder, a vase-shaped primordial presence. It leaps wide distances, blasting its way up any old place -- in the middle of a rhododendron or crowding a prized hosta or even blocking my path. In a wetter location, this party crasher would construct a deluxe waist-high carpet worthy of a Victorian-style garden. I transplanted a few to the woods next to a gigantic granite boulder, and indeed, they look great together each spring. Soon they will be hidden by the surrounding woods and that is fine because it is on the dry side there and by midsummer they go dormant and look rusty.

So my favorite fern to date? It's a short evergreen, which is silly in a snowy climate. This specimen has been hanging on nearly a decade now through cold, heat, and drought. It hasn't increased much but new fiddleheads come up through the battered old fronds every spring. To me, its substance, often described as leathery, shows character. It's the Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides, zones 3-8). With a name like that, it has to be tops

La PLANTA REPRESENTADA
B> los helechos para Todo
Por Barbara Martin - mezcla de Británico y Norteamericano - Puede 15 a 29, 2003

Yo siempre me detengo para admirar el japonés recatado el helecho pintado en mi jardín.

¿Hace usted los helechos? Pienso que todos deben hacer los helechos. De hecho, este año que experimento con algún que son nuevos a mí porque quiero que más vaya junto con los unos que tengo ya. "Todo helecho uno, un helecho todo."

Los helechos yo He Sabido y He Amado

Yo siempre me detengo para admirar el japonés recatado el helecho pintado (Athyrium nipponicum "Pictum", declara 3-8). Es una cosa fantasmal, con tallos de marrón de chocolate y un quitar el polvo de flores frescamente caídas de redbud. En mi ha el jardín ajado, esto parece excesivamente elegante, como un recorte de encaje verde helado y una insinuación de rosebuds.

Soy encantado por las pautas de whorled del helecho de culantrillo (Adiatum pedatum, Declara 3-8) vivir atrás la barraca que conserva donde llueve vierte lejos el techo. Yo lo temí demasiado frágil resistir a tal trituración. Es golpeado por bellotas, y por los palos del tiro de ardillas allí, también. Pero el helecho los soportes tranquilos, inclinaron hacia el sur, alcanzar para la luz del sol filtrada por el roble.

Soy hechizado por el spritely, trundas de textured de multa del helecho olfateado de heno (Dennstaedtia punctiloba, Declara 3-8). Esto uno me recuerda del mundo fingido de cuentos de hada, donde cañadas de bosque son habitadas por princesas, por los ratones, y por los duendes que bailan en la luz de la luna. Este helecho es un embustero. A pesar de su mirada etérea, devora un sombreado envuelve de tierra preparada en el parpadea de un ojo, y sí, cubre el suelo agradablemente en la mayoría de los otros lugares sombreados -e incluso toma algún sol. En la caída, gira dorado como paja. Cuándo magulló, debe oler como heno fresco de corte; quizá a usted, pero a yo no soy convencido.

Soy ambivalente acerca del helecho del Avestruz (Struthiopteris de Matteuccia un. K. un. M. pensylvanica, Declara 3-7), también. Cada primavera regresa más grande y más bravo, una presencia primordial formada de jarrón. Salta las distancias anchas, estallando su manera arriba algún lugar viejo -en el centro de un rhododendron o amontonar un hosta apreciado o aún bloquear mi sendero. En una ubicación más mojada, este crasher del partido construiría una alfombra alta de cintura de lujo digna de un jardín estilo Victoriano. Trasplanté unos pocos al bosque luego a un canto rodado gigantesco del granito, y verdaderamente, ellos parecen grande junto cada primavera. Pronto ellos serán escondidos por el bosque circundante y eso es fino porque está en el lado seco allí y por pleno verano ellos van inactivo y parecen mohoso.

¿Tan fechar mi helecho favorito? Es un árbol de hoja perenne corto, que es tonto en un clima de nieve. Esta muestra ha estado colgando en casi una década ahora por resfriado, por el calor, y por la sequía. No ha aumentado mucho pero fiddleheads nuevo sube por las trundas viejas azotadas cada primavera. A mí, su substancia, a menudo descrito como parecido al cuero, el carácter de exposiciones. Es el Helecho de la Navidad (Polystichum acrostichoides, Declara 3-8). Con un nombre como eso, tiene que ser las cimas.

April 30, 2003 Plant Quiz

Question: Pussy Willows are an early sign of spring. A Pussy Willow is a :

A. Bush

B. Tree

C. Shrub

To find the answer, look in Feature Plant


FEATURE PLANT SECTION APRIL 30, 2003


Is a Pussy Willow a tree, a shrub or a bush? What did you guess?

Pussy Willows

Early in the life of a Pussy Willow Tree (did you catch the clue) it looks just like a bush or a shrub. Keep it trimmed back, and allow it to grow four to six, or even eight feet tall and it will continue to look like a bush or a shrub. But you guessed it, the Pussy Willow is a tree. It can grow twenty or thirty feet high, or more.

A Pussy Willow Tree is popular for it's soft, grayish fur-like buds on long, straight stems. The buds begin to open very early in the spring. They make great indoor arrangements and are long lasting. Bring them indoors to brighten the room with the expectations of spring and a new gardening season ahead!



The term floral arrangement is inappropriate as it is the furry buds, that we cherish in our vases and displays. But most people call them a floral arrangement anyway.

Place Pussy Willows in a vase and do not add water. They will last for weeks and usually not open. You can put water in the vase. We do no recommend it as they will root and the buds may continue to open, ruining the look and appearance.



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Pussy willows are a soft wooded tree that grows rapidly. Keep them rigorously pruned to the desired height. If you let it get away from you, you will find a twenty to thirty foot tree in only a few years. If it does get out of hand, cut the trunk off at a couple of feet and new shoots will soon emerge.

Pussy Willows are easily rooted. Place a young stem 12 to 18 inches long in water for only a couple of weeks and the roots will grow enough to transplant. Transplant to almost anywhere in your yard. They prefer lower land with lots of moisture to help to fuel their quick growth. Soil can be fair to poor.

Did you know? You can force Puss Willows into blooming in the middle of winter. It's easy. Just go out to your Pussy Willow tree and cut off a few stems. Bring them indoors, and place them in water. In a couple of weeks, you will have a little bit of spring in the middle of winter. When the buds reach the desired size, remove the stems from water.


BPropagating Gloxinia /B>

Gloxinia leaf cuttings are easy to root. Just clip off a leaf, leaving a little stub of stem attached, and insert the stem into the soil, allowing the leaf to lay flat.

Cover the pot with a plastic bag, taking care not to let the bag touch the leaf. Insert a few twigs to hold up the bag if you have to. In about a month, small tubers will start to form, and once the leaf rots away you can repot these tubers.

Plant them twice as deep as they are wide.

Editor's NOTE: Though gloxinia is both the common and scientific name, Canterbury bells is the common name of the G. perennis, according to the USDA Plant database. (See Our Hotlinks on our webpage)

HERB COMPANIONS IN GARDEN AND KITCHEN
HERBS ARE GREAT companions to food in your culinary masterpieces, and they are great companions in the garden, too.
ANISE
In the garden: Plant with coriander, which promotes its germination and growth.
In the kitchen: Use in cookies, cakes, fruit fillings, and breads, or with cottage cheese, shellfish, and spaghetti dishes.

BASIL
In the garden: Plant with tomatoes. Repels flies and mosquitoes.
In the kitchen: Use in tomato dishes, pesto, sauces, and salad dressings.

BORAGE
In the garden: Plant with tomatoes, squash, and strawberries. Deters tomato worm.
In the kitchen: Use leaves in salads; flowers in soups and stews.

CARAWAY
In the garden: Plant here and there. Loosens soil.
In the kitchen: Use in rye breads, cheese dips and rarebits, soups, applesauce, salads, coleslaw, and over pork or sauerkraut.

CHERVIL
In the garden: Plant with radishes.
In the kitchen: Use with soups, salads, sauces, eggs, fish, veal, lamb, and pork.

CHIVES
In the garden: Plant with carrots.
In the kitchen: Related to the onion, chives enliven vegetable dishes, dressings, casseroles, rice, eggs, cheese dishes, sauces, gravies, and dips.

DILL
In the garden: Plant with cabbages. Keep away from carrots.
In the kitchen: Use seed for pickles and also to add aroma and taste to strong vegetables like cauliflower, cabbage, and turnips. Use fresh with green beans, potato dishes, cheese, soups, salads, seafood, and sauces.

FENNEL
In the garden: Plant away from other herbs and vegetables.
In the kitchen: Use to flavor pastries, confectionery, sweet pickles, sausages, tomato dishes, soups, and to flavor vinegars and oils. Gives warmth and sweetness to curries.

GARLIC
In the garden: Plant near roses and raspberries. Deters Japanese beetle.
In the kitchen: Use in tomato dishes, garlic bread, soups, dips, sauces, marinades, or with meats, poultry, fish, and vegetables.

LOVAGE
In the garden: Plant here and there to improve the health and flavor of other plants.
In the kitchen: It's a great flavoring for soups, stews, and salad dressings. Goes well with potatoes. The seeds can be used on breads and biscuits.

MARJORAM
In the garden: Good companion to all vegetables.
In the kitchen: Excellent in almost any meat, fish, dairy, or vegetable dish that isn't sweet. Add near the end of cooking.

MINT
In the garden: Plant near cabbage and tomatoes. Deters white cabbage moth.
In the kitchen: It is common in Middle Eastern dishes. Use with roast lamb or fish and in salads, jellies, or teas.

OREGANO
In the garden: Good companion to all vegetables.
In the kitchen: Of Italian origin, its taste is zesty and strong, good in any tomato dish. Try oregano with summer squash and potatoes, mushroom dishes, beans, or in a marinade for lamb or game.

PARSLEY
In the garden: Plant near asparagus, corn, and tomatoes.
In the kitchen: Use fresh parsley in soups, sauces, and salads. It lessens the need for salt in soups. You can fry parsley and use it as a side dish with meat or fish. It is, of course, the perfect garnish.

ROSEMARY
In the garden: Plant near cabbage, beans, carrots, and sage. Deters cabbage moth, bean beetles, and carrot fly.
In the kitchen: Use for poultry, lamb, and tomato dishes, stews, soups, and vegetables. Try it finely chopped in breads and custards.

SAGE
In the garden: Plant near rosemary, cabbage, and carrots; away from cucumbers. Deters cabbage moth and carrot fly.
In the kitchen: Use in cheese dishes, stuffings, soups, pickles, with beans and peas, and in salads. Excellent for salt-free cooking.

SUMMER SAVORY
In the garden: Plant with beans and onions to improve growth and flavor.
In the kitchen: Popular in soups, stews, stuffings, and with fish, chicken, green beans, and eggs.

TARRAGON
In the garden: Good companion to most vegetables.
In the kitchen: Great with meat, eggs, poultry, seafood, and in salad dressings, marinades, and sauces.

THYME
In the garden: Plant near cabbage. Deters cabbage worm.
In the kitchen: Use in casseroles, stews, soups, ragouts, and with eggs, potatoes, fish, and green vegetables.



Drought-Tolerant Plants
Deciduous Trees

· Amelanchier arborea, Shadbush, Downy serviceberry
· Carpinus caroliniana, American hornbeam
· Carya ovata, Shagbark hickory
· Cotinus obovatus, American smoketree
· Crataegus species, Hawthorns
· Diospyros virginiana, American persimmon
· Halesia carolina, Carolina silverbells
· Liquidambar styraciflua, American sweetgum
· Prunus x cistena, Purpleleaf sand cherry
· Quercus species, Oaks (many species)
· Sassafras albidum, Sassafras
· Tilia species, Lindens

Shrubs

· Aesculus parviflora, Bottlebrush buckeye
· Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Bearberry
· Aronia arbutifolia, A. melanocarpa, Chokeberries
· Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Bluemist', Clandon bluebeard
· Ceanothus americanus, New Jersey tea
· Chaenomeles x superba, Flowering quince
· Cornus racemosa, Gray dogwood
· Corylus americana, American filbert
· Coylus avellana 'Contorta', Harry Lauder's walking stick
· Cotinus coggygria, Smokebush
· Erysimum 'Bowles Mauve', Wallflower
· Hamamelis virginiana, Witch-hazel
· Hydrangea paniculata, Panicle hydrangea
· Itea virginica, Virginia sweetspire
· Lavandula angustifolia, Lavender
· Lespedeza thunbergii, Bush clover
· Myrica pensylvanica, Bayberry
· Perovskia atriplicifolia, Russian sage
· Philadelphus coronarius, Mockorange
· Prunus maritima, Beach plum
· Rhus copallinum, Shining sumac
· Rosa rugosa, R. glauca, R. nitida, R. carolina, and other species, Species roses
· Santolina chamaecyparissus, Lavender cotton
· Symphoricarpos albus, Common snowberry
· Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, Coralberry
· Syringa species, Lilacs
· Vaccinium angustifolium, Lowbush blueberry
· Viburnum dentatum, Arrowwood
· Viburnum lentago, Nannyberry

Needled Evergreens

· Abies concolor, White fir
· Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Japanese plum yew
· Chamaecyparis pisifera, Sawara false cypress
· Juniperus species, Junipers (most species)
· Picea species, Spruces (most species)
· Pinus species, Pines (most species)
· Taxus species, Yews (most species)
· Thuja occidentalis, Eastern arborvitae

Broadleaf Evergreens

· Ilex crenata, Japanese holly
· Ilex glabra, Inkberry
· Ilex x meserveae, Meserve holly
· Ilex opaca, American holly
· Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon grape

Vines

· Aristolochia macrophylla, Dutchman's pipe
· Bougainvillea species, Bougainvilleas
· Campsis radicans, Trumpet creeper
· Clematis montana, Anemone clematis
· Clematis terniflora, Sweet autumn clematis
· Ipomoea tricolor, Morning glory
· Lonicera sempervirens, Trumpet honeysuckle
· Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia creeper
· Plumbago auriculata, Cape leadwort
· Wisteria frutescens, American wisteria
Groundcovers

· Ajuga reptans, Carpet bugleweed
· Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Bearberry
· Armeria maritima, Sea thrift
· Bergenia cordifolia, Bergenia
· Cerastium tomentosum, Snow-in-summer
· Ceratostigma plumbaginoides, Ceratostigma
· Epimedium species, Barrenworts
· Juniperus horizontalis, Creeping juniper
· Liriope spicata, Lilyturf
· Pachysandra procumbens, Allegheny spurge
Paxistima canbyi, Cliff green
· Sedum species, Sedums
· Thymus species, Thymes

Perennials

· Achillea cultivars, Garden yarrow
· Agastache foeniculum, Anise hyssop
· Agastache cultivars, Hyssops
· Amsonia hubrichtii, Bluestar
· Anemone species, Anemones
· Arabis procurrens, A. alpina, Rock cresses
· Armeria maritima, Sea thrift
· Asclepias tuberosa, Butterfly weed
· Aster species, Asters (many species)
· Baptisia australis, False blue indigo
· Chrysanthemum cultivars, Chrysanthemums
· Coreopsis species, Coreopsis
· Dianthus species, Pinks
· Diascia rigescens, D. barberae cultivars, Diascias
· Dicentra chrysantha, Golden eardrops
· Echinacea purpurea, Purple coneflower
· Echinops bannaticus, Globe thistle
· Eryngium bourgatii, Sea holly
· Euphorbia species, Euphorbias
· Gaillardia species, Blanket flowers
· Gaura lindheimeri, Gaura
· Hemerocallis species, Daylilies
· Iberis sempervirens, Candytuft
· Kniphofia cultivars, Torch flowers, red-hot pokers
· Liatris species, Blazing stars, gayfeathers
· Lychnis coronaria, Rose campion
· Nepeta species, Catmints
· Oenothera species, Evening primroses
· Origanum laevigatum, Ornamental and culinary oregano cultivars
· Papaver species, Poppies
· Penstemon species, Penstemons, beard-tongues
· Phlox subulata, Woodland phlox
· Physostegia virginiana, Obedient plant
· Pulsatilla vulgaris, Pasque flower
· Rudbeckia species, Black-eyed Susans
· Salvia species, Sages
· Sedum species, Sedums
· Sempervivuns tectorum, Hens and chicks
· Sisyrnchium angustifolium, Blue-eyed grass
· Stachys byzantina, Lamb's ear
· Thymus species, Thymes
· Verbascum bombyciferum and V. chaixii cultivars, Mulleins
· Yucca species, Yuccas

Bulbs and Tuberous Plants

· Agapanthus cultivars, Agapanthus
· Allium caeruleum, A. sphaerocephalum, and other allium cultivars, Ornamental onions
· Crocosmia cultivars, Montbretias
· Fritillaria species, Fritillaries
· Nectaroscordum siculum, Nectaroscordum
· Tulbaghia violacea, Society garlic

Annuals

· Calendula officinalis, Pot marigold
· Capsicum species, Ornamental peppers
· Celosia cristata, Cockscomb
· Eschscholzia californica, California poppy
· Felicia amelloides, Blue marguerite
· Gazania rigens, Gazania
· Helianthus annuus, Sunflower
· Helichrysum bracteatum, Strawflower
· Nigella damascena, Love-in-a-mist
· Papaver cultivars, Annual poppies
· Salvia species, Annual salvias
· Zinnia angustifolia, Zinnia

Ornamental Grasses

· Calamagrostis x acutiflora, Feather reed grass
· Festuca glauca, Blue fescue
· Helicotrichon sempervirens, Blue oat grass
· Panicum virgatum, Switch grass
· Pennisetum species, Fountain grasses
· Schizachyrium scoparium, Little bluestem
· Sorgastrum nutans, Indian grass




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Brooklyn Botanic Garden Director of Publishing Janet Marinelli is editor of BBG's renowned series of quarterly gardening handbooks and the author of Your Natural Home and The Naturally Elegant Home. Janet is a champion of the gardener's role in the preservation of the planet, a philosophy that informs her P&G News column, "Down to Earth." It's a philosophy that also serves as the bedrock for her latest book, Stalking the Wild Amaranth: Gardening in the Age of Extinction. In Stalking the Wild Amaranth, Janet tells of her quest for a landscape art that protects disappearing species, both flora and fauna. It's a gardening journey marked by humor—ecologically sensitive gardening needn't be a dreary affair, Janet insists. "We can do our part," she says, "and still have flair and fun."

Niall Dunne is associate editior of Plants & Gardens News.
_______________________________________
________________________________________ Note:BQLT does not endorse or recommend any books mentioned in this article. The article is reprinted for the educational information it contains. ED.

Weeds: Know Thy Enemies (and Probe their Underground Secrets)

Thursday, May 29, 2003

BY VALERIE SUDOL
Star-Ledger Staff

All of this recent rain is bound to be goosing a bumper crop of weeds, which will soon greet you cheerfully from those spots where your veggies, ornamentals and lawn grasses are supposed to be.

I personally divided unwanted growth into two categories: Weeds and Evil Weeds. The former, like chickweed and purslane, are shallow-rooted and easily pulled out. The latter, including thistles, various weedy, rhizomatic grasses and the ubiquitous garlic mustard, are perpetually on my hit list of very, very bad plants.


Some "weeds" I can even live with. A few violets in the shadier parts of the lawn don't bother me, and indicate that the soil is fertile and rich in organic matter. Besides, you can candy the flowers and eat them if you want. Lamb's quarters and purslane also testify to cultivated, well-tended soil, and are highly recommended fresh in salads or steamed as a spinach substitute.

There seems to be a theme here: "If you can't beat 'em, eat 'em." Until only recently, a little old Italian grandpa would turn up about now in the fields next to my house, hunting the wild sorrel, a bitter green with a lemony flavor much favored in sauces for that other spring specialty, shad roe.

But unless you're confident that you are making positive weed identifications, and reasonably certain you're not consuming animal excretions or garden chemicals, I would urge you to forego the culinary method of control and instead listen to what weeds are telling you about your soil. They can reveal underlying problems of soil fertility, structure or drainage.

Bindweed, that noxious relative of morning glory, indicates poor drainage or compacted soil -- you haven't been tilling your wet soil and making matters worse, have you? Milkweed, plant of choice for monarch butterflies, favors moist, cultivated soils, and mallows grow in wet, sandy soil, often pointing up an excess of potassium.

Horse nettles and swamp cabbage are telling you the spot they call home is periodically flooded. Coltsfoot is another denizen of waterlogged or poorly drained soils. Other weeds that like wet feet include curly dock, Joe Pye weed, rushes and henbit.

Still other weeds can serve as a rough indication of soil pH, the measure of how acid or alkaline the soil may be. On the pH scale, 7 is neutral, with lower numbers indicating more acid conditions and higher numbers representing a more alkaline reading.

Why should you care? Plants have their pH preferences, and if they are not met, more or less, the plants won't be able to access nutrients even if they are present in the soil. (For all of you who flunked chemistry class, that's all you really need to know.) Soils east of the Mississippi are almost uniformly on the acid side, and lime is the product that nudges them toward a more neutral reading.

In moderately acid soil, lawn grasses won't thrive, but rhododendrons, azaleas and hollies will be quite happy. Blueberries and heathers like it really acid. Among the weeds, cinquefoils and wild strawberries are indicators of excessive acidity, but they also might be yammering about hard pan and poor soil fertility. Got moss? It means you've got poorly drained, compacted, infertile or acid soil. Buttercups, the creeping or upright kind, also occur where acidity is high.

Our old pal, the dandelion, just now running rampant on the lawns of those tardy about mowing, may be telling you that your turf could use some lime. A calcitic limestone will supply the calcium such soils may also be missing. Tangy dandelion greens, I must point out, are edible fresh and make a nice spring wine.

Plantains can also be tattling about the need for lime, although they also frequent heavy clay soil and infest sod that's growing in too much shade. Crabgrass takes over wherever soil is disturbed and existing plants (like turf grasses) don't thrive well enough to grow thickly.

Wild carrot, also known as Queen Anne's lace, and certain clovers are a sign that poor soil is on the mend. These plants can actually help improve soils, mining nutrients from the lower depths. Chicory -- the roadside plant with starry blue flowers -- speaks of fertile soils, which is why it is often seen growing beside cultivated fields.

To deal with weeds, you must first be able to correctly identify them. One book that can help is "Weeds: Friend or Foe" by Sally Roth (Reader's Digest, 2002, $24.95), which mentions weeds' good points as well as bad. Online, try the Rutgers Cooperative Extension Service's Agricultural Weed Gallery at www.rce.rutgers.edu/weeds/ or the Bureau of Land Management's Weed Hall of Shame at www.blm.gov/education/weeds/hall_of_shame. html.

For a whole raft of ideas about how to cope with weeds from those little maple trees now colonizing your lawn to the bamboo sneaking in from your neighbor's yard, try "Solving Weed Problems" by Peter Loewer (Lyons Press, 2001, $14.95). It may give you some creative ideas for those weeds that just don't look all that appetizing
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Las hierbas: Sabe a Enemigos Tus (y Teieta sus Secretos Subterráneos)

El jueves, el 29 de mayo de 2003



POR el Personal de Libro de contabilidad de Estrella de VALERIE SUDOL



Toda esta lluvia reciente es atada estar goosing una cosecha abundante de hierbas, que pronto lo saludará alegremente de esos lugares donde sus vegetarianos, decorativo y céspedes de césped se suponen ser.



Dividí personalmente el crecimiento no deseado en dos categorías: Hierbas de Hierbas y Mal. El anterior, como chickweed y purslane, es superficial arraigó y sacó fácilmente. El último, inclusive cardos, varios flaco, céspedes de rhizomatic y la mostaza ubicua de ajo, son perpetuamente en mi lista de golpe de muy, plantas muy malas.



Algunos "deshierban" puedo vive aún con. Unos pocas violetas en las partes más sombreadas del césped no me molestan, e indican que la tierra es fértil y rica en la materia orgánica. Además, usted puede azucarar las flores y los come si usted quiere. Los cuartos del cordero y purslane testifican también a la tierra bien tendida cultivada, y se recomiendan sumamente fresco en ensaladas o steamed como un substituto de espinaca.



Allí parezca ser un tema aquí: "Si usted no puede golpear 'em, come 'em." Hasta que sólo recientemente, un abuelito italiano, viejo y pequeño resulte acerca de ahora en los campos luego a mi casa, cazando la acedera silvestre, un amargo verde con un sabor de lemony mucho favorecido en salsas para que otra especialidad del primavera, roe de sábalo.



Pero a menos que usted esté seguro que usted hace identificaciones positivas de hierba, y razonablemente cierto usted no consume sustancias químicas animales de excreciones ni jardín, yo lo instaría para renunciar el método culinario del control y en lugar escucha qué hierbas lo dicen acerca de su tierra. Ellos pueden revelar los problemas fundamentales de la fecundidad de tierra, la estructura o el desagüe.



¿Bindweed, ese pariente nocivo de la gloria de la mañana, indica desagüe pobre o tierra comprimida -usted no ha estado embaldosando su tierra y hacer mojada importa peor, lo tiene? El cardo lechero, la planta de la elección para mariposas de monarca, favorece tierras, y las malvas húmedas y cultivadas crecen en mojó, tierra cubierta de arena, a menudo señalar arriba un exceso de potasio.



Ortigas de caballo y col de pantano le dicen el lugar ellos llaman hogar se inunda periódicamente. Coltsfoot es otro ciudadano de tierras anegadas o mal desaguada. Otras hierbas que aprecian pies que mojados incluyen dársena rizada, hierba de Joe Pye, las prisas y henbit.



Tranquilas otras hierbas pueden servir como una indicación áspera de pH de tierra, la medida de cuán ácida o alcalina la tierra puede ser. En la escala de pH, 7 son neutrales, con números más bajos que indican más ácido condiciona y los números más altos que representan una lectura más alcalina.



¿Por qué debe cuidar usted? Las plantas tienen sus preferencias de pH, y si ellos no son encontrados, más o menos, las plantas no serán capaz de conseguir acceso a alimentos nutritivos incluso si ellos sean presente en la tierra. (Para todo usted que suspendió la clase de la química, eso es todo usted necesita realmente saber.) El este de tierras del Misisipí es casi uniformemente en el lado ácido, y la cal es el producto que los da un codazo hacia una lectura más neutral.



En la tierra moderadamente ácida, céspedes de césped no prosperarán, pero rhododendrons, las azaleas y los acebos serán bastante felices. Los arándanos y los brezos lo aprecian realmente ácido. Entre las hierbas, cinquefoils y fresas silvestres son indicadores de la acidez excesiva, pero de ellos quizás esté gimoteando también acerca de cacerola dura y fecundidad pobre de tierra. ¿El musgo obtenido? Significa que usted ha obtenido ha desaguado mal, ha comprimido, tierra infértil o ácida. Los botones de oro, el arrastrar o la clase vertical, ocurren también donde acidez es alta.



Nuestro amigo viejo, el diente de león, apenas ahora corriendo desenfrenado en los céspedes de esos atrasado acerca de cortar, puede estar diciendo usted que su césped podría utilizar alguna cal. Una piedra caliza de calcitic suministrará el calcio tales tierras pueden estar perdiendo también. El diente de león de Tangy verde, yo debo indicar, ser comestible fresco y hacer un vino agradable del primavera.



Los plátanos pueden estar divulgando también acerca de la necesidad para la cal, aunque ellos frecuentando también tierra pesada de arcilla e infesten césped que crece en demasiado sombra. Crabgrass toma dondequiera tierra se perturba y plantas existentes (como céspedes de césped) no prospera bien crecer bastante gruesamente.



La zanahoria silvestre, también conocido como encaje de Anne de Reina, y ciertos tréboles son un signo que esa tierra pobre está en el mejora. Estas plantas pueden ayudar verdaderamente mejora tierras, alimentos nutritivos mineros de las profundidades más bajas. La achicoria -la planta situada al borde de la carretera con flores azules estrelladas -habla de tierras fértiles, que es por qué a menudo se ve creciente al lado de campos cultivados.



Para tratar con hierbas, usted debe es primero capaz de identificarlos correctamente. Un libro que puede ayudar es "Hierbas: Amigo o Enemigo" por Roth Venta (Resumen de Lector, 2002, $24.95), que menciona hierbas buenas señalan así como malo. En línea, trata el Rutgers el Servicio Cooperativo de la Extensión la Galería Agrícola de Hierba en www.rce.rutgers.edu/weeds/o la Oficina del Vestíbulo de Hierba de Administración de Tierra de la Vergüenza en el protocolo de transferencia de hipertexto de www.blm.gov/education/weeds/hall_of_shame.

Para una balsa entera de ideas acerca de cómo enfrentarse con hierbas de ésos árboles pequeños de arce ahora colonizando su césped al bambú que mueve furtivamente en de su yarda de vecino, la prueba "los Problemas de Hierba que Resuelven" por Peter Loewer (la Prensa de Lyons, 2001, $14.95). Le puede dar algunas ideas creadoras para esas hierbas que apenas no mira todo eso apetitoso

READING WEEDS

Every gardener grumbles about weeds. It's what we do when we're not grumbling about soil, weather or snails. But biologist Ron Whitehurst says that maybe we should stop grumbling and start studying our weeds. They have a lot to tell us about our gardens.

Whitehurst, who helps farmers make the transition from conventional, chemical-based agriculture to sustainable agro-ecological farming, recently presented a workshop on "reading" weeds at Common Ground in Palo Alto.

His premise is that everything has a function in nature. Even the weeds we disparage have a role, and the more we understand that role, the more successful our gardening and farming will be. For example, lupine plays the role of pioneer. Because it can grow in densely compacted soil, it is often the first plant to appear in reclaimed or damaged soil -- picture Interstate 280 near the Highway 92 interchange in San Mateo, with its sad, scraped soil covered in blooming lupine right now. Not only can lupine penetrate thick soil, making it easier for other plants to grow, but it also adds valuable nitrogen to the ground, improving conditions for other plants.

Also, should you be standing, shovel in hand, in front of a field of nothing but lupine, you're being given a good indication that there's probably a whole lot of backbreaking work ahead.

Understanding the cultivation requirements of a weed -- how much water it needs, what soil composition it prefers -- will reveal a wealth of information for us should that weed spring up in our garden.

Whitehurst says legume weeds grow where nitrogen is low, and grasses, where nitrogen is high. Chickweed and annual bluegrass like a steady supply of water to the surface. On the other hand, deep-rooted weeds such as purslane suggest a low water table.

This kind of information can be very specific. The appearance of sheep sorrel indicates acidic, low-lime soil that has insufficient drainage and a hard pan (a nearly impervious, very nasty subsoil layer that interferes with water circulation and root growth).

Also, knowing how a specific weed seed germinates -- does it need standing water or a period of deep cold? -- can be useful information. That weed may be telling us that a particular area of our garden may be colder than the rest, or that water pools in that corner. The seed had its needs met, or it would never have germinated.

So, what can a dandelion tell us? It typically indicates a nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich soil. If the plant appears stunted, it's communicating a low phosphorus level. And what about the all-invasive oxalis? Whitehurst says it's a sign of a soil rich in nitrogen.

All this information and more is available at www.dietrick.org/reading.htm. Weeds have a lot to tell us, and the more knowledge we have, the better gardeners we'll be.

One last point: If you haven't stopped by Common Ground since it opened its new store in Palo Alto, do so. It's got a wonderful free library and is well stocked with plants, seeds, tools and books.

Common Ground Organic Garden Supply and Education Center
559 College Ave.
Palo Alto, CA 94306
(650) 493-6072

LEER DESHIERBA

Cada jardinero se queja acerca de hierbas. Es lo que hacemos cuando nosotros no nos quejamos acerca de tierra, el tiempo ni los caracoles. Pero biólogo Ron Whitehurst dice que quizá debemos parar quejar y comienzo que estudian nuestras hierbas. Ellos tienen mucho en decirnos acerca de nuestros jardines.

Whitehurst, que ayuda a granjeros hace la transición de la agricultura basada de sustancia química convencional a la agricultura ecológica del agro sostenible, presentó recientemente un taller a "leer" hierbas en puntos comunes en el Contralto de Palo.

Su premisa es ese todo tiene una función en la naturaleza. Aún las hierbas que desacreditamos tienen un papel, y el más entendemos ese papel, la más exitosa nuestra horticultura y la agricultura serán. Por ejemplo, los juegos lupinos el papel de pionero. Porque puede crecer en la tierra densamente comprimida, es a menudo la primera planta para aparecer en la tierra recuperada o dañada -se imagina Interestatal 280 cerca de la Carretera 92 intercambian en San Mateo, con su tierra triste y raspadas cubrieron a florecer lupino en este momento. No sólo pueda lupino penetra tierra gruesa, lo haciendo más fácil para otras plantas para crecer, pero agrega también nitrógeno valioso al suelo, mejorando las condiciones para otras plantas.

También, lo debe es la posición, la pala en la mano, delante de un campo de nada pero lupino, usted es dado una indicación buena que hay probablemente un muchos trabajo agotador entero adelante.

Comprensión de los requisitos del cultivo de una hierba -cuánta agua que lo necesita, qué composición de tierra que lo prefiere -revelará información en abundancia para nosotros debe esa hierba aparece en nuestro jardín.

Whitehurst dice hierbas de que legumbre crecen donde nitrógeno es bajo, y los céspedes, donde nitrógeno es alto. Chickweed y blue grass anual como un suministro constante de agua a la superficie. Por otro lado, hierbas enraizadas tales como purslane sugiere un nivel freático bajo.

Esta clase de información puede ser muy específica. La apariencia de acedera de oveja indica tierra de cal baja ácida que tiene desagüe insuficiente y una cacerola dura (una capa muy desagradable casi insensible de subsuelo que interviene con la circulación de agua y crecimiento de raíz).

¿También, instruido cómo una semilla específica de hierba germina -necesita parándose agua o un período del frío profundo? -Puede ser útil información. Esa hierba nos puede estar diciendo que cierta área de nuestro jardín puede tener frío que los demás, o esa agua aúnan en ese rincón. La semilla tuvo sus necesidades encontraron, o nunca habrían germinado.

¿Así, qué puede decir un diente de león nosotros? Indica típicamente un nitrógeno- y tierra rica de fósforo. Si la planta aparece detenida, comunica un nivel bajo del fósforo. ¿Y qué tal el todo oxalis invasivo? Whitehurst dice es un signo de una tierra rica en el nitrógeno.

Todo esta información y más está disponible en www.dietrick.org/reading.htm. Las hierbas tienen mucho en decirnos, y el más conocimiento que tenemos, los mejores jardineros que seremos.

Un último punto: Si usted no ha parado por puntos comunes desde que abrió su tienda nueva en el Contralto de Palo, haga así. Se obtiene una biblioteca libre maravillosa y es bien stocked con plantas, las semillas, los instrumentos y los libros.

Los puntos comunes el Suministro Orgánico del Jardín y el Centro de la Educación 559 Avda Colegial. Contralto
de Palo, CA 94306 (650) 493-6072



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Insta-Garden

So you're ready to start a vegetable bed, but you've got problem soil -- heavy clay, loose sand, maybe even gophers? Avoid the whole hullabaloo by using a framed raised bed.

According to Fred Bové, one of the co-founders of the Corona Heights Community Garden in San Francisco, no garden would exist there if not for the raised beds. While most people use this gardening technique to get around soil problems, for Bové and his fellow gardeners, they're anti-gopher devices. "Gophers are a huge problem on Corona Heights, and it's only with the raised beds and their gopher barriers that we can garden here."

Though beds can be constructed in any shape from just about any material, ranging from brick to broken concrete to a used tractor tire -- and plenty of premade frames are available -- raised beds are typically neat, bottomless squares formed with wooden planks.

The frame, sitting on the ground anywhere from 1 to 2 feet tall and 3 feet square, is filled with nursery-purchased soil, often labeled "vegetable-bed planting mix," that's been blended specifically for vegetables. The Corona Heights beds also include a lining of wire mesh that has effectively kept the gophers at bay for more than eight years.

To prepare their gopher-free beds, Bové says, weeds were cleared and the spaces designated for beds leveled. Next, a layer of weed cloth was put down and covered by a half-inch layer of gravel. The foot-high wood frames were then assembled, and reinforced half-inch wire mesh was laid on top of the gravel and stapled up the interior sides of the frame, requiring the gophers to head down the street to hunt for chow. (See links below to find plans for building frames.)

Gardeners not plagued with gophers will sometimes prepare the soil underneath the bed by digging down anywhere from six to 12 inches below the surface, making it easier to grow deep-rooted vegetables such as tomatoes.

But enough with the gophers -- let's talk dirt. Because you're importing the soil for your bed, all the work that goes into building rich loam is eliminated. What could take three years of composting and mulching is yours in an afternoon; you bring it home in bags.

While there are indeed pros and cons to this strategy (the pros are obvious -- it requires no advance work, it's done in a day and it's near-perfect soil), the chief disadvantage is that you'll miss out on the soil work that is the very heart of any garden and certainly one of the most soothing of garden chores. But if you're planning on moving in a few years or just want some decent vegetables now, bring on the bags.

Bové also points out that because you don't need to step into a raised bed, the soil never gets compacted and stays aerated, supplying your plants' roots with lots of needed oxygen. This loosely compacted soil also makes it easier for a plant's roots to develop and is easier to pull unwanted weeds from. As Bové says, "You really can grow prize-winning vegetables the first year with a raised bed."

Lisa Van Cleef designs organic gardens throughout the Bay Area. ©2003 SF Gate


You say you don¡¯t have room to plant a large vegetable garden? No problem! You can still grow your own vegetables and enjoy just-picked lettuce, radishes, zucchini and more. You can create a productive vegetable garden in no time! Here are some tips on how to get the most from a small garden.

Grow your garden up.
Place vining vegetables like cucumbers on a trellis.

Grow pole beans rather than bush beans -- you'll get three times the yield from the same space.

Make use of spot gardens. These are sunny spots where you can plant a few vegetables.
Salad greens are ideal for spot gardens.

Don't plant too much of one vegetable. Two zucchini plants will produce more than enough.

Choose tomato and pepper varieties that produce small fruit. The smaller the size of the fruit, the more fruit the plant will produce.

Interplant fast maturing crops such as lettuce, spinach and radishes with slower crops such as beans, squash and melons. By the time the slow crop grows to fill the space, the quick crop will be harvested.

Article courtesy of Jackie Carroll ¨C www.gardenguides.com

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Make your own stepping stones.

Materials List
1 concrete stepping stone
Thin set mortar
Sanded grout
Rubber or latex gloves
Hammer of tile nippers
Safety glasses
Sponge
Water
Mosaic pieces, broken pottery, dishes, stained glass, tile, or mirror (pieces should be flat)

You can either plan your design by sketching a simple line drawing and lightly scratching the general idea into the wet mortar, or arrange chosen pieces into a collage to create your design.

Steps to follow


Wet your stepping stone, so that adherence between the stone and the mortar is good when dry.

Slowly mix about 2 cups of thin set mortar with water until you have a creamy consistency. Spread
evenly on the stone to about 1/4" thickness.

Scratch design into wet mortar or go with the flow and place pieces intuitively. Start placing pieces and be sure there is good contact between pieces and the mortar. Make certain that the mortar doesn't rise above pieces: you want to leave room for the grout.

To break larger pieces into smaller ones, you can either put a piece of plastic over the piece and hit it with a hammer to break it up or use tile nippers for more exact cuts.

After laying all the tile pieces, allow the mortar to cure for 24 hours.

Grouting- Mix a cup of sanded grout with some water to make a creamy consistency Scoop this mixture onto the stone and rub it into all the spaces between the tile spaces and around the edges of the top of the stone. With a damp sponge, wipe off the excess. Allow stone to dry for 24 hours.

Enjoy!

Other examples of different kinds of stepping stones you can make - A design can be made by inlaying marbles into the wet mortar.






Projects, Tips, Recipes
_____________________________________
Beneficial Bugs—Luring Predatory Insects to the Garden with Umbelliferous Plants
Plants & Gardens News Volume 16, Number 2 | Summer 2001

by Niall Dunne


Dill (Anethum graveolens) attracting an ichneumon wasp
The Apiaceae or Carrot Family is a grand old clan with a new name. (Until very recently, botanists called it the Umbelliferae.) It includes such common culinary favorites as coriander, dill, fennel, parsnip, anise, cumin, carrot, and parsley. Yum yum! But it also includes a lot of other plants that wouldn't taste so good in your soup, such as hemlock (Conium maculatum), the poisonous species famously used to execute the ill-fated Socrates.

The Carrot Family is comprised of around 3,000 species—reflecting roughly 300 different genera—of mainly herbaceous plants native to temperate regions around the globe. It has the distinction of being the first plant family ever to have been systematically studied. (A copy of Robert Morison's pioneering monograph of 1672, Plantarum umbelliferarum distributio nova, can be found in BBG's rare book room.)

The family tie between these plants is clearly visible in their flower clusters, which generally look like miniature, flat-topped parasols. Botanically, these marvels of inflorescence are termed umbels (from the Latin word umbellula, meaning—hold on to your hats—"umbrella"). In a typical umbel, individual flower stalks arise from the same point on a primary stalk and stretch at different lengths so that the small flowers on top are all roughly on a level plane.

Folks as far back as the ancient Chinese, Greeks, and Romans were aware of the shared floral characteristics of some of the plants in the Apiaceae. They were also aware of the plants' rich and varied chemistry, harvesting seeds and stalks and using them not only for food, but also perfume, medicine, and (as mentioned already) poisoning troublesome philosophers.

Historically, then, umbellifers have been of enormous biological importance as crop plants. In modern times, however, they have something else going for them as well: they're very attractive to beneficial insects—the so-called "good bugs" that act as pollinators, soil builders, or predators of pest insects in the landscape. Plants with umbels are magnets for predatory bugs in particular.

Lovage (Levisticum officinale), for instance, is beguiling to ichneumon wasps, which parasitize the larvae of herbivorous insects. Similarly, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) attracts, among other beneficial bugs, lady beetles that prey on aphids, scale insects, thrips, mealybugs, and mites. Dill (Anethum graveolens) is very adept at luring such insects as lacewings, whose larvae are well-known aphid-devouring machines.

This kind of knowledge is very useful in an age when people are becoming increasingly concerned about pesticide use on their food, and about the health of the environment in general. The ability to attract and maintain a population of beneficial insects is very important to any large- or small-scale pest management scheme that seeks to cut down on the use of chemical sprays.

Bug Banquets

Although beneficial insects consume large numbers of pestiferous bugs, they often have to supplement their protein diets with plant pollen and nectar. Indeed, many of these insects have certain phases in their life cycles when they depend entirely on nutrients collected from plants.

In recent years, agricultural and habitat management scientists have been conducting field research to try and determine which plants offer the best nectar and pollen resources to natural enemies of insect pests. One plant family consistently comes out at, or near, the top: the Apiaceae. (Members of the Asteraceae or Aster Family and Brassicaceae or Mustard Family also have proven track records.)

In one study conducted by Oregon State University in 1997, eleven plant species were randomly arranged in small plots alongside a field of corn. Researchers then measured the feeding frequency of aphidophagous (aphid-feeding) hoverflies on each plant. It turned out that coriander (Coriandrum sativum) was the plant most visited by the hoverflies in the early growing season. Fennel became the late-season plant of choice, after coriander had stopped blooming.

What makes umbelliferous plants so appealing to beneficial insects? Dr. May Berenbaum, head of Entomology at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and author of Bugs in the System (Addison Wesley, 1995), summed it up nicely for me: "Small flowers with accessible nectar and a nice landing platform."

Although predatory insects often have custom-fitted mouthparts for eating other bugs, they are generalists when it comes to feeding on nectar and pollen. Most of them are also on the smaller side. So, invariably, they seek out diminutive, closely spaced, easy-to-land-on flowers that are shallow but brimming with exposed grub. Other factors like bloom time, flower color (usually white or yellow in the Carrot Family), shelter, and presence of prey play an important role, too.

Botanists have recorded very little specialization in umbel-pollinator interactions. Umbelliferous flowers are morphologically so uniform and their insect visitors so varied that some scientists refer to the plants as being "promiscuous." One might normally associate "promiscuity" with waywardness or a lack of discipline, but in the case of pest management, an orgy of umbellifers can contribute, ironically, to an increase in biological control.

Triple-duty Beauties

Beneficial Bug Info
To learn more about beneficial bugs, and the plants that attract them, consult the following books: Good Bugs for Your Garden, by Allison M. Starcher (Algonquin, 1995), and Great Garden Companions: A Companion-Planting System for a Beautiful, Chemical-Free Vegetable Garden, by Sally Jean Cunningham (Rodale, 1998).

There are many online resources, too. For illustrated short profiles of a wide range of beneficial bugs, visit the web site of horticulturist Barbara Bromley. For a general overview of biological control, visit the web site of the Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

Finally, in conjunction with Organic Gardening magazine, Johnny's Selected Seeds has recently released the Beneficial Borders Flower Seed Collection™, consisting of seven easy-to-grow plants chosen for good color combination and the ability to attract beneficial bugs. The collection features one packet each of California poppy, bachelor's button (leave this one out of the mix; it's an invasive species!), alyssum, cosmos, anise hyssop, borage, and the umbelliferous blue lace flower (Trachymene coerulea). For more information, call (207) 437-4301 or visit their web site.


Most of the research done on the beneficial-bug magnetism of the Apiaceae has so far focused on the culinary herbs. Gardeners looking to increase the number of predatory bugs in their vegetable patches need look no further than these plants. But what about gardeners who want to fight pest insects in the rest of the garden, too?

Well, we know that some of the culinary herbs can also make dramatic statements in purely ornamental settings. Korean angelica (Angelica gigas), for example, with its dark purple flowers and tall red stems is a great centerpiece plant for the perennial border. (It's also good at attracting lacewings, lady beetles, and parasitic wasps.) Dill, with its thread-like, blue-green foliage and lacy, aromatic, deep-yellow umbels, can look good planted almost anywhere in the yard.

In her book, Great Garden Companions (see box), Cornell Cooperative Extension specialist Sally Jean Cunningham recommends the summer-blooming, umbelliferous sea hollies (Eryngium species) as striking plants for the front of a perennial cluster. Not only do they have, according to Sally, attractive "leathery, blue-gray, spiny foliage" and "silvery blue flower heads with dome-shaped centers and silvery leaf-like bracts," but they also are good at attracting parasitic wasps.

As yet there just isn't much data in on how well the more decorative members of the Carrot Family perform as insectary plants. "The science of which plants attract or maintain which insects, at which time of year, in which climate zones is at an elementary stage," says Sally.

So this is a good opportunity for gardeners to get in on the action and study such traditionally planted ornamental genera as Astrantia (masterwort), Myrrhis (sweet Cicely), Aciphylla (speargrass), and Bupleurum (thorow-wax) for signs of beneficial insect activity. But you don't need to stop there. The ornamental palette of the Carrot Family is broadening steadily.

In the April 2001 issue of Horticulture magazine, plantsman Daniel J. Hinkley wrote about some of his favorite lesser-known umbellifers. He recommended the spring-blooming Chaerophyllum hirsutum 'Roseum' for its "low spreading mounds of handsome, deeply dissected foliage" and its "lacy heads of rose-colored flowers." He also gave special mention to Pimpinella major 'Rosea' (greater burnet), whose sturdy, 3-foot stems produce "lovely discs of light pink" from July to August.

I asked Dan if he had noticed any high insect activity on the specialty umbellifers that he grows at Heronswood Nursery. He couldn't say for sure, but his interest was definitely piqued. "You know, come to think of it, there's always a swarm of wasps flying around our angelicas."


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Niall Dunne is the associate editor of Plants&Gardens News.
________________________________________
Ask the BugMan
Richard Fagerlund Saturday, May 3, 2003
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Bug Man shares some home remedies from readers.

Cats: To keep them from messing up your yard:

-- Scatter pinecones in the areas the cats like to visit, especially under bushes. Ponderosa or other prickly cones work best.

-- Buy a commercial cat repellent and scatter or spray it in the places where the cats are doing their business.

-- Sprinkle heavy coats of pepper in those areas (I use about one 4-ounce can) where they are leaving their calling cards.

-- I have not tried this method, but a friend recommended it: Use cacao hulls as mulch. There is something about their texture that makes cats reluctant to walk on them.

Raccoons: Spread human hair around the outside of your home. They are afraid of humans and the scent will scare them off. It really works.

You can obtain the hair at a hair salon; they throw plenty of it away.

Scale: I had an infestation of scale on some choice aralias. After trying numerous methods to get rid of them, I finally had success using Safer's Insecticidal Soap.

Camel crickets: When we moved into our present home, the lowest level was full of the pesky critters. We had an old cat who didn't take kindly to the move and stayed upstairs in the master bedroom until her death.
Then we got two new kittens, after which the only evidence we had of the crickets was an occasional leg here and there that had not been consumed. After a year or two, the problem was 100 percent gone.


ANIMAL 'SPORTS'
I am working on a book about cockfighting, dogfighting, fox hunting and some of our other "sports." I would be interested in the laws regarding these activities in other countries and the opinions of anyone about them, either pro or con. You can e- mail me at fagerlun@unm.edu.

Richard Fagerlund, a board-certified entomologist at the University of New Mexico, is the author of "Ask the Bugman" (UNM Press, 2002). He can be reached by e-mail at fagerlun@unm.edu and has a Web site at www.askthebugman.com.
________________________________________

Garden Tip
September 5, 2003

Store Tuberous Begonia Roots
Tuberous begonia foliage will begin to die back before the first frost, and once it dies back, it's time to dig the tubers for fall storage. Leave foliage on the tuber and allow the tubers to dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area for a day or two.

A wooden box lined with newspaper makes a good storage container. Place vermiculite or peat moss in the box, and lay out your tubers so that they don't touch each other. Continue layering tubers and medium in the box until all your tubers are covered. Keep the medium slightly moist throughout the winter. Choose a storage location where temperatures will remain between 40F - 55F. A cool basement is ideal.
________________________________________
September Garden Jobs

Compost should be watered during dry periods so that it remains active.

Now is a good time to evaluate the success of this year's garden. Make notes that will help you improve your garden next spring.

SURVEY THE SHRUBBERY

This is the best time to plant dormant evergreen trees and shrubs.

Correct any soil deficiencies you've noticed. Healthy soil is crucial to healthy plants.

Check coniferous trees for tip damage on new growth. If the tips have been mutilated by borers or otherwise damaged, remove them and establish a new leader by forcing a new side shoot into an upright position.

Young trees should be staked to prevent the roots from being pulled by fall and winter winds.


PAY ATTENTION TO HOUSEPLANTS
If you haven't brought your houseplants in yet, do it before you have to start heating your home. This gives them a chance to adjust. Wash them thoroughly before bringing them in to rid them of any pests and eggs.

SMELL THE FLOWERS

As perennials fade away, mark their locations with small sticks. Some might not be apparent after the winter and might be disrupted by spring cultivating.

Plant spring bulbs as long as the ground is workable. Plant the following bulbs soon: trout lily, narcissus (including daffodil), snowdrop, winter aconite, starflower, and crown imperial. For crown imperial, add a little lime to the soil.

Take cuttings from such outdoor plants as impatiens, coleus, and begonia. An early frost can ruin your chances for cutting at a later date.


GET YOUR VEGIIES AND HERBS
Dig up your rosemary, basil, tarragon, oregano, marjoram, English thyme, parsley, and chives to grow them inside as houseplants. Keep them in a cool, sunny spot, and allow the soil to dry out before watering. Snip off the leaves as needed in the kitchen, but do not strip them completely.

Onions are nearly ripe when the tips of the leaves turn yellow. Break them at the necks. This will speed the final ripening process. Loosen the soil to encourage drying, and after a few days turn them up and let them cure on dry ground. Always handle them very carefully -- the slightest bruise will encourage rot to set in.

Clean out any older growth of mint. It can become a nuisance, running rampant. Leave the younger stock.

ENJOY THE FRUITS

Cider made from blemished apples, known as drops, will be fine, but avoid using too many apples with bruises or open wounds. If rot has already set in, it will affect the taste and longevity of the cider.

Supplement your apple pies with fruit frozen or canned earlier in the season.

If you have unripe tomatoes still on the vine and frost is fast approaching, pull out the vines by the roots and hang them upside down in a cool, dark place.

Transplant rhubarb, strawberries, and raspberries well before the first light frost so that some root development may take place. Rhubarb and strawberries deplete the soil of nutrients in a short time, so find new locations for them every three or four years.

Sunflower seeds are best dried on the plants. The seeds will be difficult to remove if you harvest the plants before they die naturally. Cover the heads with cheesecloth if you need to protect your crops from the birds.

El abono se debe regar durante períodos secos para que se quede activo.

Ahora sea un tiempo bueno de evaluar el éxito de este jardín de año. La marca nota que lo ayudará a mejorar su jardín próxima primavera.

INSPECCIONE LOS MATORRALES

Esto es el mejor tiempo de plantar árboles y arbustos des hoja perenne inactivos.

Correctas cualquier deficiencias de la tierra que usted ha advertido. La tierra sana es crucial a plantas sanas.

Verifique árboles coníferos para el daño de punta en el crecimiento nuevo. Si las puntas han sido mutiladas por borers o de otro modo dañado, los quita y establece a un líder nuevo a la fuerza un renuevo nuevo de lado en una posición vertical.

Los árboles jóvenes se deben estacar para prevenir las raíces de ser tirado por vientos de caída e invierno.


ATIENDA A PLANTAS DOMESTICAS
Si usted no ha traído sus plantas domésticas en todavía, lo hace antes usted tiene que empezar a calefacción su hogar. Esto les da una oportunidad de ajustar. Lávelos completamente antes traerlos en deshacerselos de cualquier peste y huevos.

HUELA LAS FLORES

Cuando las plantas perennes se desvanecen, marquen sus ubicaciones con palos pequeños. Algunos no quizás sean aparentes después que el invierno y quizás sean interrumpido por cultivar de primavera.

Las bombillas de la primavera de la planta tan largo como el suelo son maleables. Plante las bombillas siguientes pronto: el lirio de trucha, el narciso (inclusive el narciso), snowdrop, aconite de invierno, starflower, y corone imperial. Para la corona imperial, agregue una cal pequeña a la tierra.

Tome cuttings de tales plantas al aire libre como nomeolvides, coleus, y la begonia. Un cubre de escarcha temprano puede arruinar sus oportunidades para cortar en una fecha posterior.


OBTENGA SU VEGIIES Y las HIERBAS
Desentierre su rosemary, albahaca, el estragón, el orégano, la mejorana, tomillo inglés, el perejil, y las hojas de cebolleta para crecerlos dentro de como plantas domésticas. Manténgalos en un lugar fresco y soleado, y permita la tierra para secar antes de regar. Tijeretee lejos las hojas como necesitado en la cocina, pero no los pela completamente.

Las cebollas son casi maduras cuando las puntas de las hojas giran amarillo. Rómpalos en los cuellos. Esto apresurará el proceso final que madura. Afloje la tierra para alentar el secamiento, y después que unos pocos días los giran arriba y permitieron que ellos curen en el suelo seco. Siempre manéjelos muy con cuidado -la magulladura más leve alentará la putrefacción a poner en.

Limpie algún crecimiento más viejo de menta. Puede llegar a ser un fastidio, corriendo desenfrenado. Salga las acciones más jóvenes.

GOCE LAS FRUTA

La sidra hizo de manzanas manchó, conocido como gotas, será fino, pero evitará utilizar demasiadas manzanas con magulladuras o abrirá heridas. Si la putrefacción ya ha puesto en, afectará el sabor y longevidad de la sidra.

Suplemente sus pasteles de manzana con fruta congelada o podido más temprano en la temporada.

Si usted tiene tomates inmaduros todavía en la vid y cubre de escarcha se acerca rapidamente, saca las vides por las raíces y los cuelga al revés en un lugar fresco y oscuro.

El ruibarbo del trasplante, las fresas, y las frambuesas bien antes la primera luz cubre de escarcha para que algún desarrollo de raíz pueda suceder. El ruibarbo y las fresas agotan la tierra de alimentos nutritivos dentro de poco, tan encuentra las ubicaciones nuevas para ellos cada tres o cuatro años.

Las semillas del girasol se secan mejor en las plantas. Las semillas serán difíciles de quitar si usted cosecha las plantas antes ellos mueren naturalmente. Cubra las cabezas con la estopilla si usted necesita proteger sus cosechas de los pájaros.


Advice of the Day
Mice dislike the smell of peppermint. Spread it liberally where you suspect the critters.

Cool in the very furnace of July
The water-meadows lie;
The green stalks of their grasses and their flowers
They still refresh at fountains never dry.
-- John Drinkwater (1882-1934)


JULY IS THE month when summer has a firm hold on all of us. The average temperature just about everywhere in the country is above 70 degrees F. Thunderstorms are nearly as abundant as ants at a picnic, and the hot, sultry time known as the Dog Days of summer occurs during the 40 days beginning July 3 and ending August 11. Named for the Dog Star, Sirius, which rises and sets with the Sun during this time, the Dog Days are associated with uncomfortable levels of heat and humidity (though certainly the days after August 11 can be pretty "doggy," too!).

One of our favorite summer recipes is a twist on a summer classic.
Try
Potato Salad with Chicken and Beans where garlic and green beans make an appearance. To determine what kind of potatoes to use, drop one in a pot containing 1 part salt and 11 parts water. Waxy potatoes, best for salads, will float. Mealy potatoes, best for baking or mashing, will sink.

Potato Salad with Chicken and Beans
1/2 cup olive oil
1/4 cup white-wine vinegar
1 clove garlic, minced
salt and pepper to taste
2 pounds potatoes, cooked and still warm
1/2 cup chopped fresh parsley
1/2 cup chopped red onion
6 boneless, skinless chicken breast halves, grilled just until tender
1 pound green beans, cooked until crisp-tender
cherry tomatoes to garnish

OMBINE THE olive oil, vinegar, garlic, salt, and pepper and blend until smooth. Sprinkle the dressing mixture over the warm, sliced, cooked potatoes and toss gently. Sprinkle with the parsley and red onion and toss again. Taste and add more salt and pepper if necessary.

Slice the grilled chicken breasts. Add the sliced chicken and cooked beans to the dressed potatoes and mix gently. Garnish with cherry tomatoes. Makes 4 to 6 servings.

Add some crusty bread or whole grain crackers and you've got a complete meal with this deliciously different salad.

Cooking Tips: Boil whole, unpeeled, washed potatoes of uniform size in water to cover, stirring once or twice to make sure they cook evenly (test with a knife), then drain. (Boiling is the fastest way to cook potatoes; in fact, a potato can be boiled in less time than it takes to be baked at twice the temperature.) Let potatoes cool enough to handle, then peel and slice, unless you like them with their skins on, which is also an option.


Basil-Zucchini Salad
It may be zucchini time in your garden, and a wonderful way to serve these ever-present veggies is in this Basil-Zucchini Salad.

2-1/2 pounds small, firm zucchini
1 pint cherry tomatoes
1 cup olive oil
1/3 cup white wine vinegar
1 tablespoon sugar
1 tablespoon Dijon-style mustard
1 small clove garlic
salt and pepper, to taste
1/4 cup chopped fresh basil

HRED THE ZUCCHINI into fine julienne strips about 2 inches long. The coarse part of a hand grater will accomplish this nicely, as will a food processor. Combine the shredded zucchini with stemmed, halved cherry tomatoes.

Combine the oil, vinegar, sugar, mustard, garlic, salt, and pepper in a blender. Blend until smooth. Add the basil and blend an additional 30 seconds. Pour the dressing over the salad mixture, toss, and transfer to a large serving bowl. Arrange a few tomatoes around the edge of the bowl and a sprig of fresh basil on top. Makes 6 servings.

The perfect accompaniment to grilled meat or fish, this easy salad is best if made right before serving.

By now, herbs should be abundant in the summer garden or at farmers' markets. You can use them for making Handkerchief Sachets, an inexpensive and easy gift. Read about Rosemary, which is becoming a very popular herb in low-fat recipes. It adds a lot of flavor, making up for the loss of taste that can occur when you reduce the fat.

While we're on the subject of herbs, try this homemade skin freshener. Combine 1 cup fresh spearmint, lemon balm, lavender, or sage leaves with 1 pint cold water in a blender. Puree, then dab on your face and rinse.

July is also the time when some summer bugs are at their best (or worst, as the case may be!). Herbs can be used for pest control. Dried wormwood, yarrow, santolina, tansy, mint, and lavender are traditional moth repellents. If it's your pet that's bothered, try putting a drop of lemon oil or oil of rosemary on his collar for flea control.

Coping with Bugs
includes a few more tips for dealing with some pests in the house and garden.


MIDSUMMER IS THE time when insects make themselves most known -- indoors and out. If you find unwanted creatures in your house or garden, don't reach for the poison. Deter them with gentler methods for a safe household environment. For example, discourage ants trailing in and out with sprigs of pennyroyal. Or make bands of crushed eggshells along walkways to keep them from crossing.

Aphids on your garden plants can be knocked off with frequent, strong streams of water from the garden hose. If you notice yellow-and-black-striped Colorado potato beetles or the metallic-blue-green Japanese beetles crawling on your plants, put down a dropcloth and, in the early morning when they're most active, shake them off and dump them into a bucket of soapy water.

If a colony of yellow jackets sets up housekeeping in your lawn, watch them from a distance to find their underground doorway. At night, when they're not active, place a large glass casserole dish or salad bowl over the hole and weight it down with a brick. The wasps will be forced to exit elsewhere and usually won't return.




Add some crusty bread or whole grain crackers and you've got a complete meal with this deliciously different salad.
1/2 cup olive oil
1/4 cup white-wine vinegar
1 clove garlic, minced
salt and pepper to taste
2 pounds potatoes, cooked and still warm
1/2 cup chopped fresh parsley
1/2 cup chopped red onion
6 boneless, skinless chicken breast halves, grilled just until tender
1 pound green beans, cooked until crisp-tender
cherry tomatoes to garnish

COMBINE THE olive oil, vinegar, garlic, salt, and pepper and blend until smooth. Sprinkle the dressing mixture over the warm, sliced, cooked potatoes and toss gently. Sprinkle with the parsley and red onion and toss again. Taste and add more salt and pepper if necessary.

Slice the grilled chicken breasts. Add the sliced chicken and cooked beans to the dressed potatoes and mix gently. Garnish with cherry tomatoes. Makes 4 to 6 servings.

Cooking Tips: Boil whole, unpeeled, washed potatoes of uniform size in water to cover, stirring once or twice to make sure they cook evenly (test with a knife), then drain. (Boiling is the fastest way to cook potatoes; in fact, a potato can be boiled in less time than it takes to be baked at twice the temperature.) Let potatoes cool enough to handle, then peel and slice, unless you like them with their skins on, which is also an option.

El consejo de los Ratones de Día tiene antipatía el olor de menta. Espárzalo liberalmente donde usted sospecha las criaturas.



Refresque en el muy horno de julio El praderas de agua mienten; Los tallos verdes de sus céspedes y sus
flores que Ellos refrescan todavía en fuentes nunca secan.
-Drinkwater (1882-1934) de John



Julio ES EL mes cuando el verano tiene un firme aguanta todos nosotros. La temperatura mediana casi igual por todas partes en el país es arriba 70 grados F. Las tormentas son casi tan abundantes como hormigas en una merienda campestre, y el tiempo caliente y bochornosa conocido como los Días de Perro del verano ocurren durante el principio de 40 días julio 3 y agosto que finaliza 11. Denominado para la Estrella de Perro, Sirius, que sube y pone con el Sol durante este tiempo, los Días de Perro se asocian con niveles incómodos del calor y la humedad (aunque ciertamente los días después que agosto 11 pueden ser bonito "perrito," también!)



Uno de nuestras recetas favoritas de verano son una torsión en un verano clásico. La prueba
Ensalada de papa con Pollo y Frijoles Donde ajo y frijoles verdes hacen una apariencia. Para determinar qué clase de papas para utilizar, para dejar para caer uno en una olla sal en 1 parte que contiene y agua en 11 partes. Las papas cerosas, mejor para ensaladas, flotará. Las papas harinosas, mejor para hornear o triturar, hundirá.



Ensalada de papa con Pollo y Frijoles
la copa de 1/4 de petróleo de aceituna de copa 1/2 vinagre de vino blanco 1 ajo del clavo, sal y pimienta
picadas para probar 2 papas de libras, entibiar cocinado y tranquilo copa de 1/2 copa fresca cortada de 1/2 de
perejil cebolla roja cortada 6 boneless, mitades de seno de pollo de skinless, asado a la parrilla apenas
hasta que ofrezca 1 libra frijoles verdes, cocinaron hasta que tomates tiernos curruscantes de cereza para
aderezaran



OMBINE EL petróleo de aceituna, el vinagre, el ajo, la sal, y la pimienta y la mezcla hasta liso. Rocíe la mezcla que viste sobre el entibiar, papas y tiro cortado y cocinado suavemente. Rocíe con el perejil y cebolla y con el tiro roja otra vez. El sabor y agrega más sal y la pimienta si necesario.



Corte los senos asados a la parrilla de pollo. Agregue el pollo cortado y frijoles cocinados a las papas y la combinación vestidas suavemente. Aderece con tomates de cereza. Hace 4 a 6 porciones.



Agregue algún pan crujiente o galletas de trigo integral y usted ha obtenido una comida completa con esta ensalada deliciosamente diferente.



Las Puntas que cocinan: El total del divieso, unpeeled, papas lavadas del tamaño uniforme en el agua para cubrir, conmovedor cerciorarse un par de veces ellos cocinan uniformemente (la prueba con un cuchillo), entonces desaguadero. (Hervir es la manera más rápida de cocinar papas; de hecho, una papa se puede ser hervida en menos tiempo que toma para ser horneado en dos veces la temperatura.) Permita que papas refresquen para manejar bastante, entonces pelar y cortar, a menos que usted los aprecie con sus pieles en, que es también una opción.




Ensalada de calabacín de albahaca
Puede ser tiempo de calabacín en su jardín, y una manera maravillosa de servir estos vegetarianos jamás presentes están en esta Ensalada de Calabacín de Albahaca.



2-1/2 golpea calabacín pequeño y firme 1 tomates de cereza de pinta 1 copa de 1/3 de petróleo de aceituna de
copa vinagre blanco de vino 1 azúcar de cucharón 1 cucharón la mostaza estilo Dijon 1 sal pequeña de ajo de
clavo y pimienta, para probar copa de 1/4 albahaca fresca cortada



HRED EL CALABACIN en el julienne de multa pela acerca de 2 pulgadas de largo. La parte tosca de un rallador de mano alcanzará este agradablemente, cuando hace un procesador de alimento. Combine el calabacín destrozado con tomates derivado y compartido de cereza.



Combine el petróleo, el vinagre, el azúcar, la mostaza, el ajo, la sal, y la pimienta en un licuador. Mezcle hasta liso. Agregue la albahaca y mezcle un adicionales 30 segundos. Vierta el vestir sobre la mezcla de ensalada, el tiro, y la transferencia a un grande sirven tazón. Arregle unos pocos tomates alrededor de la orilla del tazón y un sprig de albahaca fresca en la cima. Hace 6 porciones.


El acompañamiento perfecto a la carne o el pez asados a la parrilla, esta ensalada fácil es mejor si hizo el derecho sirve antes.

Por ahora, las hierbas deben ser abundantes en el jardín del verano o en mercados de granjeros. Usted los puede utilizar para hacer Pañuelo Sachets, un obsequio económico y fácil. Lea acerca de Rosemary, que llega a ser una hierba muy popular en recetas magros. Agrega mucho sabor, componer para la pérdida del sabor que puede ocurrir cuando usted reduce la grasa.



Mientras estamos en el sujeto de hierbas, tratemos a este refrescador casero de piel. Combine 1 copa menta verde fresca, bálsamo de limón, lavanda, o las hojas de sabio con 1 pinta agua fría en un licuador. El puré, entonces toque suave en su cara y el aclarado.


Julio es también el tiempo cuando algunos bichos del verano están en su mejor (o derrotan, cuando el caso puede ser!) Las hierbas se pueden utilizar para el control de peste. El ajenjo secado, la milenrama, santolina, el tanaceto, nuevo, y lavanda es la mariposa tradicional repelente. Si es su animal favorito que se molesta, trata de poner una gota del petróleo de limón o petróleo de rosemary en el cuello para el control de la pulga.
Enfrentar con Bichos
Incluye unos pocas más puntas para tratar con algunas pestes en la casa y el jardín.


PLENO VERANO ES EL tiempo cuando insectos hacen a sí mismo muy conocido -dentro y fuera. Si usted encuentra criaturas no deseadas en su casa o el jardín, no alcanzan para el veneno. Disuádalos con métodos más apacibles para un ambiente seguro de la casa. Por ejemplo, desalienta hormigas que arrastran en y fuera con sprigs de poleo. O las bandas de la marca de cascarones de huevo aplastados por senderos para mantenerlos del cruce.


Aphids en sus plantas del jardín se puede golpear lejos con frecuenta, las corrientes fuertes de agua de la manga del jardín. Si usted advierte escarabajos pelados negros y amarillos de papa de Colorado o los escarabajos japoneses, verdes, azules y metálicos que se arrastran en sus plantas, ponen hacia abajo un dropcloth y, en la mañana temprana cuando ellos son muy activos, los sacude lejos y los descarga en un cubo de agua cubierta de jabón.

Si una colonia de chaquetas amarillas establece el gobierno de la casa en su césped, mírelos encontrar de lejos su puerta subterránea. De noche, cuando ellos no son activos, coloca un plato grande de la cazuela de vidrio o tazón de ensalada sobre el hoyo y lo carga hacia abajo con un ladrillo. Las avispas se forzarán a salir en otra parte y generalmente no volver.


Agregue algún pan crujiente o galletas de trigo integral y usted ha obtenido una comida completa con esta ensalada deliciosamente diferente. la copa de 1/4 de petróleo de aceituna de copa 1/2 vinagre de vino blanco 1 ajo del clavo, sal y pimienta picadas para probar 2 papas de libras, entibiar cocinado y tranquilo copa de 1/2 copa fresca cortada de 1/2 de perejil cebolla roja cortada 6 boneless, mitades
de seno de pollo de skinless, asado a la parrilla apenas hasta que ofrezca 1 libra frijoles verdes, cocinaron hasta que tomates tiernos curruscantes de cereza para aderezaran

COMBINE EL petróleo de aceituna, el vinagre, el ajo, la sal, y la pimienta y la mezcla hasta liso. Rocíe la mezcla que viste sobre el entibiar, papas y tiro cortado y cocinado suavemente. Rocíe con el perejil y cebolla y con el tiro roja otra vez. El sabor y agrega más sal y la pimienta si necesario.

Corte los senos asados a la parrilla de pollo. Agregue el pollo cortado y frijoles cocinados a las papas y la combinación vestidas suavemente. Aderece con tomates de cereza. Hace 4 a 6 porciones.

Las Puntas que cocinan: el total del Divieso, unpeeled, papas lavadas del tamaño uniforme en el agua para cubrir, conmovedor cerciorarse un par de veces ellos cocinan uniformemente (la prueba con un cuchillo), entonces desaguadero. (Hervir es la manera más rápida de cocinar papas; de hecho, una papa se puede ser hervida en menos tiempo que toma para ser horneado en dos veces la temperatura.) Permita que papas refresquen para manejar bastante, entonces pelar y cortar, a menos que usted los aprecie con sus pieles en, que es también una opción.

TEN TOP SIGNS THAT YOU'VE GONE OVER THE GARDEN EDGE From April 28, 2003

10. Your favorite poem is "Roses are Red, Violets are Blue.

9. Your kids are named Rose, Violet, Daisy and Zucchini.

8. You have 8 X 10 family pictures of your Tomatoes and Peppers on your office shelf.

7. Your idea of Saturday Date Night is going out in the garden and hand pollinating the plants.

6. You think a cocktail is liquid fertilizer.

5. You rush home from work and go straight to the garden and hug your roses. (Ouch!) Then, you go in to your house and see you family.

4. On Christmas Eve, visions of "Sugar Peas" dance in your head.

3. After the first frost, you are seen holding funeral services in your garden.

2. You take your kids multiple vitamins from them to use as a supplement to your plants fertilizer.


And, the number one sign that you have gone over the garden edge is..

....and the Number One sign that you have gone over the gardening edge:


1. Every Spring your family files a "Missing Person's" report. You remain missing all summer, and mysteriously re-appear in the fall.

Anonymous jokester.

** Place fruits like pumpkin and squash on a bed of sand. Snails and slugs do not like sand and will not cross over it. You will not need to use slug and snail poisons.

** Use Companion plants that repel
insects. See Companion Plants




Family Activities: Festivals, films, museums, playground activities

August 6-10

K10-003 Fort Hamilton Board of Trade Street Festival
Brooklyn 10am-6pm; Fort Hamilton Parkway bet 65th St - 70th St (5 blocks)


August 7 - 10

Q1-009 St. Irene Chrysovalantou Church Festival
Queens 5pm-11pm; 23rd Ave bet 36th St - Amtrak Overpass (2 blocks)

Friday, August 8

M1-006 Manhattan Youth Street Fair Mardi Gras
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Fulton Street bet Broadway - Gold Street (3 blocks)

Saturday, August 9

M1-013 Seaport Community Coalition Street Fair Mardi Gras
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Water Street bet Fulton St - Broad St (5 blocks)

M2-048 Caring Community Street Fair Clearview
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Washington Square North bet 5th Ave-6th Ave (5 blocks)

Sunday, August 10

M5-118 The Workmen's Circle, Inc. Festival Mardi Gras
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Madison Avenue bet 42nd St - 57th St (15 blocks)

PP# 5 Dominican Day Parade
Manhattan 1:30pm; Sixth Ave bet 36th St & 56th St

NYC Triathlon
Citywide Hudson River/Cycling/Central Park

PP# 73 Brooklyn Dominican Day Parade
Brooklyn 1pm; Graham Ave & Deveboise to Lindsay Park

Q5-027 Myrtle Avenue BID Street Festival Clearview
Queens 11am-6pm; Myrtle Ave bet Fresh Pond Road-Wyckoff Ave (11 blocks)

August 14 - 17

Q1-010 Borgetto Cultural Assn. Festival
Queens 6pm-11pm; Steinway St bet 25th Ave - 28th Ave (1 block)

August 14 - 21

M11-015 The Retired Boxers of Puerto Rico Carnival
Manhattan 4pm-10pm; East 109th Street bet Second-Third Aves (1 block)
Friday, August 15

M1-019 Community Board No. 1 Street Festival Mardi Gras
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Wall Street bet South St - Water St (2 blocks)

Saturday, August 16

M2-049 Village Visiting Neighbors Street Fair Clearview
Manhattan 11am-6pm; University Place bet Waverly Pl-14th St (7 blocks)

M5-119 NY Young Republican Club Festival Mardi Gras
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Seventh Ave bet 47th St - 57th St (10 blocks)

M10- Harlem Week "Uptown Saturday Night"
Manhattan 9am-6pm; 135th Street bet St. Nicholas Ave - Lenox Ave (4 blocks)

Sunday, August 17

M5-058/061 23rd St Assn. & St. Cecile Scholarship Fund Street Fair Clearview
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Sixth Ave bet 14th -23rd St (9 blocks)

PP# 66 India's Independence Day Parade
Manhattan 1pm; Madison Avenue bet 41st to 27th Sts

M6-017 East 55th Street Conservative Synagogue Festival Mardi Gras
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Lexington Ave bet 45th St-57th St (12 blocks)

M10- Harlem Week "Harlem Day 2003" Street Festival
Manhattan 10am-6pm; 135th Street bet St. Nicholas Ave-Fifth Ave (5 blocks)

K8-004 Washington Avenue Merchants Street Festival
Brooklyn 10am-6pm; Washington Ave bet Eastern Pkwy-St. Marks Ave (5 blocks)

K9-003 Nostrand Avenue Merchants Street Festival
Brooklyn 9am-6pm; Nostrand Ave bet Empire Blvd - Clarkson Ave (11 blocks)

K14-004 Pakistani-American Merchants Assn. Independence Celebration
Brooklyn 10am-6pm; Coney Island Avenue bet Newkirk Ave-Ave H (2 blocks)

Q1-011 Steinway Street BID Street Festival Clearview
Queens 11am-6pm; Steinway St bet 28th Ave - 35th Ave (7 blocks)

August 21 - 31

K11-005 Feast of Santa Rosalia Society
Brooklyn 5pm-11pm; 18th Ave bet 67th Street-Bay Ridge Parkway (8 blocks)

Saturday, August 23

M2-036 Our Lady of Pompei Church Festival Clearview
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Bleecker St bet 6th Ave-7th Ave; and,
Carmine St bet 6th Ave-Varick St (5 blocks)

M6-018 Church of the Good Shepard Street Fair Mardi Gras
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Third Avenue bet 23rd St - 34th St (11 blocks)

Sunday, August 24

M5-059 Daytop Village Street Festival Clearview
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Madison Ave bet 42nd St - 57th St (15 blocks)

PP# 64 Pakistani Independence Day Parade
Manhattan 1pm; Madison Avenue bet 41st St - 26th St

M5-184 Pakistani Day Festival
Manhattan 2pm-6pm; Madison Avenue bet 23rd - 26th Sts (3 blocks)

M6-019 Gramercy Park Republican Club Street Fair Mardi Gras
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Third Avenue bet 14th Street - 23rd St (11 blocks)

K13-001 Brighton Beach 26th Annual Jubilee
Brooklyn 10am-6pm; Brighton Beach & Coney Island Aves between
Corbin Place and Brightwater Court (6 blocks)

August 29-September 1

M11-009 Carnaval Aguadillano Teatro Moderno Puertoriqueno
Manhattan 10am-10pm; East 116th Street bet Second-Third Avenues (1 block)

Saturday, August 30

PP# 31 NYC Run to Liberty 10K
Manhattan 8:30am; Start: State St and Battery Place-Lower Manhattan

M2-051 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Com. Ctr Festival Mort & Ray
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Greenwich Avenue bet Sixth Ave-West 12th St (6 blocks)

M6-020 Friends of DagHammarskjold Plaza Street Fair Mardi Gras
Manhattan 11am-6pm; Second Avenue bet 43rd St - 53rd St (10 blocks)

M8-017 East Sixties Neighborhood Association Festival Clearview
Manhattan 11am-6pm; East 60th Street bet Madison Ave - Park Ave (1 block)

PP# 20 Children's West Indian American Day Carnival
Brooklyn 10am; Kingston & St. John's Pl to Brooklyn Museum Grounds

K12-007 Chinese Promise Baptist Church Summer Street Fair
Brooklyn 10am-5:30pm; 8th Avenue bet 47th St - 54th St (8 blocks)

Q2-035 Sunnyside Chamber of Commerce Clearview
Queens 11am-6pm; Greenpoint Ave bet 44th St-48th St; and,
46th St bet Queens Blvd-Greenpoint Ave (5 blocks)

August 30 - September 1

M2-050 Washington Square Outdoor Art Exhibit
Manhattan Noon-6pm; Periphery of Washington Square Park (21 blocks)

Sunday, August 31

M5-120 Brazilian Festival Mardi Gras
Manhattan 9am-6pm; Sixth Avenue bet 42nd St - 56th St; and,
46th Street bet Fifth and Seventh Avenues (17 blocks)

X12- St. Lucia USA Carnival
Bronx 10am-6pm; Webster Ave bet East Gun Hill Rd-E. 233rd St (20 blocks)

Q6-003 Forest Hills Chamber of Commerce Street Festival Clearview
Queens 11am-6pm; Austin Street bet Ascan Ave-Yellowstone Blvd; and
Continental Ave bet Queens Blvd - Austin St (8 blocks)

This Calendar is presented by the Community Assistance Unit of the Office of the Mayor. Please note that events are subject to change.
Brooklyn Bridge Park Activities
Location: Empire-Fulton Ferry State Park, between the Brooklyn and Manhattan Bridges, enter off of Water Street. PLEASE NOTE: no pets are allowed in the Park.

4th Annual Brooklyn Bridge Park Summer Film Series

Date/s: Thursdays, July 10 / 17 / 24 / 31 and August 7 / 14, 2003 Rain dates will be the following Fridays. For information 718/802-0603 or check back here! Rain date announcements will be made at Wednesday NOON.

Time: 8:45
Admission: All films are free! Fresh-popped popcorn, water, soft drinks and other drinks will be available for purchase. New this year at on-site concessions: chair rental, as well as delicious dinner food from local restaurants, Rice and 5 Front. Also free bike valet parking each night. Brooklyn born actors are featured.

Description: The series is organized by the Brooklyn Bridge Park Coalition, in cooperation with the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the Brooklyn Bridge Park Development Corporation.
Major sponsors who helped underwrite the series: Independence Community Bank, Hallmark Entertainment and Consolidated Edison of New York.

July 24: KID GALAHAD (1937), directed by Michael Curtiz (b/w, no rating), starring Humphrey Bogart, Bette Davis, and Edward G. Robinson.

Description: OK he was born in Bucharest, but he was buried in Brooklyn. Edward G. Robinson (now lying peacefully in Beth El Cemetery) and Humphrey Bogart play rival fight managers in this classic story of the grooming of a heavyweight champion. Bette Davis turns in a fine performance as Robinson¹s girl Fluff.

July 31: O BROTHER, WHERE ART THOU? (2000), directed by Joel Cohen (rated PG-13)

Description: Homer's epic poem "The Odyssey" is translated into a southern Great Depression adventure in "O Brother, Where Art Thou?"
Featuring Brooklyn actor John Turturro as the hot-tempered Pete, "O Brother" follows three convicts (George Clooney, Tim Blake Nelson, and Turturro) who escape from a chain gang in hopes of uncovering $1.2 million in stashed loot. Along the way they encounter a range of motley characters and funny circumstances and at one point belt out a hit recording as "The Soggy Bottom Boys.”


August 7: COMING TO AMERICA (1988), directed by John Landis (rated R)

Description: Eddie Murphy may have grown up on the streets of Bushwick, but in this tale he plays Akeem, a rich African prince being coerced by his parents into a marriage he doesn't want. He enlists the aid of his loyal servant (Arsenio Hall) on a clandestine mission to Queens, NYC to find a partner who will see him for who he is, and not his riches.

August 14: CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE THIRD KIND (1977), directed by Steven Spielberg (rated PG)
Description: Steven Spielberg's sci-fi classic features Brooklyn's Richard Dreyfuss who, after a peculiar encounter with a UFO, feels inexplicably beckoned to the base of Wyoming's monolithic Devil's Tower. Along the way, he runs into others on a similar quest and the U.S. government who wants to keep them away from the impending arrival of alien spacecrafts.

Culminating in a spectacular humankind vs. aliens synthesizer duel in musical Morse code, you won't want to miss the chance to see this special effects bonanza on the big screen outdoors and under the stars.

Puppetry and Music Performance
Date: Friday, July 18, 2003

Location: Empire-Fulton Ferry State Park, City DUMBO playground (a nautical-themed playground)at the East River waterfront in Brooklyn between Main and Plymouth Streets.

Description: Twenty-five kindergartners through sixth graders worked within White Bird Productions’ Theatrical Puppetry Workshop, located at St. Ann’s Warehouse for two weeks. The children will present “Walt Whitman in Brooklyn Bridge Park”, a puppetry pageant. It will feature: a 14-foot tall puppet of the 19th century poet, six mighty oak trees, and a flock of colorful birds. Bring a blanket or chair.

Presented in cooperation with the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation.
Contact: Brooklyn Bridge Coalition, 718-802-0603


21st Annual BWAC (Brooklyn Working Artists Coalition) Outdoor Sculpture Show
Date: Saturday, July 19 to September 14
Location: Empire-Fulton Ferry State Park.

“Fun in the Sun!”
Date: Saturday, July 26, 2003
Time: 11am - 2pm*
Location: DUMBO Playground (between Main and Washington Streets).
Admission: Free

Description: Bring the kids down for a fun-filled day in the playground and enjoy the newly filled sand box. Brooklyn Children's Musuem will visit and display special friends.

This event is sponsored by Friends of DUMBO Playground, a group of community members who collectively are trying to create a more enjoyable, safe, clean and fun playground in DUMBO for all to enjoy. The volunteers of Friends are sponsored by the Brooklyn Bridge Park Coalition and working together to create fun events and promote community involvement. Meetings are held on a monthly basis in the DUMBO area and all are encouraged to partake.
*Tuesday afternoons this summer, summer interns coordinate children’s activities in the Playground. Bring your little ones and volunteer to help for the day.

Directions: Closest subway A/C to High Street;
F to York Street, or
2/3 to Clark St.
B25 bus runs down Cadman Plaza West / Old Fulton Street toward the waterfront.
Free Shuttle Bus Service runs between the three subway stations and the Film Series.

Or take the New York Water Taxi to Fulton Ferry Landing – one block from the Park! New York Water Taxi leaves from North Cove, Pier A and Pier 11 downtown, and Water Taxi riders receive a coupon for free popcorn at the movies!

GENERAL INFORMATION at Queens Botanic Garden (QBG): (718) 886-3800
Summer Hours (through September 30):
Tuesday through Friday, 8 am to 6 pm;
Saturday and Sunday, 8 am to 7 pm.
Closed Mondays year-round, except legal holidays.

Admission: Free

Parking: Parking is available in the Garden’s lot on Dahlia Avenue. There is a $5 fee to park at QBG:
on Saturdays and Sundays, from 9 am to 6 pm, from mid March through September,
and on weekdays,
from July 1 through September 1 (Labor Day), from 9 am to 5 pm.

JUST FOR KIDS!
Series of weekend workshops for children ages 3 to 12 with QBG instructors and friends. Space is limited. Arrive early and register in Plant Shop before each program, to guarantee a place! Workshops begin promptly and last approximately one hour.

Children’s Outdoor Discovery Tour
Date: Saturday, August 9
Time: 12 noon
Fee: $5; $4 members

Description: HSBC intern Michele Krejci guides kids and their parents through the wonders of Queens Botanical Garden. Discover the smells and textures of plants and learn the roles of bees, other insects, birds and animals.

Native American Pow Wow
Date: Saturday, August 23
Time: 12 noon to 4 pm
Location: in the Garden’s arboretum
Admission: Free

Description: The Ohatchee Cherokee Nation Tribe's annual Pow Wow. A celebration featuring Native American dancing, face painting, storytelling, and vendors.


Tea and Manners Saturday, September 13, 11 am
Fee: $5; $4 members

Learn proper table manners with Elizabeth Knight, author of Tea With Friends, as she makes a lesson in children’s tea etiquette enjoyable and enriching. Children will be served tea and cookies at the program's end, presented as part of National Children’s Good Manners Month.


The Bounty of Earth
Date: Saturday, September 27
Time: 12 noon
Fee: $5; $4 members

Description: Celebrate the harvest time through movement, drawing on harvest festival traditions of Old Europe. Explore themes of ripening, reaping, storing, and giving thanks with instructor Laura Melling. Children will gain an understanding of the bounty of summer and preparing for winter.


HSBC CHILDREN’S GARDEN 2003

Description: Open to ages 5 to 14, outdoor adventures allow kids to plant, maintain, and harvest flowers, vegetables, and herbs; design butterfly, rock, and herb gardens; collect insects; identify flowers; participate in workshops, craft activities, and more!

Registration required.
Contact: Education department, (718) 886-3800, ext. 229. The Children’s Garden has support from HSBC in the Community (USA), Inc.


Fall Session
September 6 through 27
Saturdays, 9:30 am to 12 noon
Fee: $30; $25 members

SUMMER TALKS AND WORKSHOPS

A lineup of gardening related talks presented by QBG staff and colleagues. Meet at Plant Shop before start of each program, unless otherwise noted.

Cultural Research Forums
Date: Tuesdays, July 15 and August 19
Time: 7 pm
Fees: Free

Description: QBG cultural researcher Chloe Frommer discusses how plants found in material culture are used to create a sense of rootedness, home, familiarity, belonging, and cultural identity in a new context and urban setting. These forums will allow participants to explore the commonalities and differences that both link and differentiate immigrant experiences.
Contact: (718) 886-3800, ext, 224.


Cooking with Herbs
Date: Saturday, July 26
Time: 12 noon
Fee: Free

Description: Cynthia Reed will teach general techniques of using fresh, dried, and frozen herbs. She will demonstrate how to make herbal vinegars, herb-flavored oils and butters, and salt-free herbal blends, and suggest how to best use them with foods.


Natural Lawn Care
Date: Saturday, August 16
Time: 10 am to 12 noon
Fee: Free
Description: Director of education Patty Kleinberg explains how you can grow a green and healthy lawn this summer-without the stressful use of chemicals-by using the right grass seed or alternative ground covers, watering, and mowing.

Backyard Composting
Date: Saturday, September 6
Time: 10 am to 12 noon
Location: Check at the Information Desk in the Administration Building lobby for course location.
Description: Learn how from leaves, kitchen waste, garden cuttings, and even shredded newspapers can come rich, dark soil. Find out the composting basics: what composting is, how to do it right in your own backyard, and how to use the finished compost. Learn how to avoid and solve problems, as well as what equipment and tools are helpful.

SUMMER CONCERTS

Bring a blanket or a chair to these free outdoor performances, presented on the Garden’s Great Lawn.

Rhythms Around the World
Date: Sunday, July 27
Time: 6 pm
Description: The rhythms and beats of traditional drumming and chanting of cultures around the world. This program is presented in collaboration with the Flushing Jewish Community Council’s Multicultural Committee.

Little Brass Band of the American Concert Band
Date: Thursday, August 7
Time: 7 pm
Description: Six-piece ensemble from the American Concert Band features founder and director Dr. Kirby Jolly, conductor on first trumpet, plus performers on second trumpet, trombone, sax/clarinet, tuba, and drum.

The Lew Picardi Orchestra
Date: Thursday, August 14
Time: 7 pm

Description: Enjoy an evening of big band music from the 1940s and 1950s.

Phil Costa & The Something Special Big Band
Date: Thursday, August 21
Time: 7 pm

Description: Swing/jazz band, best known for its Basie style, The Something Special Big Band features former Basie vocalist Kim Lawrence. Enjoy the classics of the Count’s , Duke Ellington, contemporary arrangements by Sammy Nestico of some of the standards, and more.

Queens Festival Band
Date: Sunday, September 7
Time: 4 pm

Description: Dixieland and classical jazz with conductor Michael Canipi and members one of the borough’s oldest bands.



The Museum of Modern Art's (MoMA) Building Project is under way. MoMA's exhibition programs have moved to MoMA QNS, 33 Street at Queens Boulevard, Long Island City, Queens

MoMA is not just expanding; it is creating an entirely new Museum, with more than double the space for its exhibitions and programs. Designed by Yoshio Taniguchi and opening in 2005, the new MoMA will feature 630,000 square feet of new and redesigned space. Two buildings will frame the enlarged Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden: a new gallery building will house the main exhibition galleries, and the Museum's first stand-alone Education and Research Center will provide over five times more space for MoMA's education programs and scholarly resources.

Family Programs

Cool off this summer at MoMA QNS with a special two-part program in celebration of the exhibition Ansel Adams at 100. We’ll tour the exhibition and then head outside for a hands-on photography workshop.
Tours for Fours
Date:Thursdays, in July
Time: 10:30–11:15 a.m.
Location: MoMA QNS, 33 Street/Queens Boulevard, Long Island City, Queens

Description: This program, specifically designed for four-year-olds and their parents, introduces families to painting, sculpture, photography, and works on paper through interactive gallery activities and discussions. Please sign up for one session only. The program will be repeated. Admission is $5 per family, members $3. Preregistration by mail is required.

The program takes place on the following dates:

July 3, July 17, July 31

Focus on Photography: Ansel Adams
Date: Consecutive Thursdays, July 10–August 21 Time: 3:30–4:30 p.m.
Location: Part I: MoMA QNS 33 Street at Queens Boulevard, Long Island City, Queens
Part II: Arts Consortium Auditorium
1 East 53 Street, between Fifth/Madison Avenues

Description: For children ages five to ten and their adult companions. In the first session of this special two-part photography workshop, families will be introduced to the exhibition Ansel Adams at 100 at MoMA QNS.
The following week, families meet in Manhattan and learn how to take landscape photographs in Central Park. (No cameras necessary; all materials are provided.) Admission is $20 per family, members $18. Please sign up for one group only. Preregistration by mail is required. Please note: this program is sold out.


MoMA P.S.1 Summer Celebration
Date: Sunday, July 27
Time: 12:00–6:00 p.m.
Location: P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center,
22-25 Jackson Ave. at 46 Ave., Long Island City, Queens

Description: A family-friendly afternoon of food, music, art making, and live performances in the courtyard of P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center, a MoMA affiliate.
Admission: free
Preregistration is required for most Family Programs.
Contact: Family Programs, (212) 708-9805;
e-mail FamilyPrograms@moma.org.
For registration information or to be placed on the Family Programs mailing list

Exhibitions for adults to view:
Max Beckmann
Andy Warhol: Screen Tests
To Be Looked At: Painting and Sculpture from the Collection

More for the KIDS
Little Red Lighthouse Festival.
Location: Fort Washington Park
Date: Saturday, September 13
Time: 12:00-5:00 pm.

Description: Celebration of Manhattan's only lighthouse featuring hayrides, lighthouse tours, face painting, a clown, a stilt walker, with live music, celebrity reading stories, nautically themed exhibits and demonstrations from more than 40 organizations

New York Restoration Project(NYRP), Bette Midler's group (with similar mission to the BQLT "restores, develops, and revitalizes underserved parks, community gardens, and open space in New York City") and the Lighthouse Trust of New York City hosts this 11th annual event.

Contact: Jane Jackson, at (212) 333-2552 to
volunteer.


Lefferts Historic House
MUSEUM AND EVENTS FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES

In the 18th and 19th century people whose origins were Europe, Africa and North America inhabited Flatbush village and the area around it. Lefferts Historic House, a farmhouse built c. 1783, is a museum for children and adults that focuses its research, programming and exhibitions on the day-to-day lives of these real people.

Museum Telephone: (718) 789-2822

Location: Lefferts Homestead is located in Prospect Park on Flatbush Avenue between the Zoo and Carousel (near Empire Boulevard).

· Groups of ten or more must call to make a reservation at 718/789-2822.

· First floor exhibits and period rooms are accessible via a ramp to the first floor. 2nd Floor exhibits are reproduced on the 1st floor with “Upstairs Downstairs” materials that utilize models and photographs.

2003 June – August

Free Public Hours: Between Memorial Day and Labor Day:
Thursday to Sunday 12:00 – 6:00

Gardening Club. Everyone is welcome to join the Thursday Gardening Club and help plant, weed, thin, water and harvest vegetables in the museum’s garden. Learn how to make compost and find many different garden critters. To join the Gardening Club, come and sign-up any Thursday at the Homestead from 1:30 – 3:30. All ages and levels of experience are welcome.

Sewing Club. Visitors of all ages and skill levels can join the Friday Sewing Club. Visitors can learn basic sewing techniques or work on their own projects. To join the Sewing Club, come and sign-up any Friday at the Homestead from 1:30 – 3:30. All ages and levels of experience are welcome.

Free Public Events: July & August (Sundays)

Summer Songs and Stories 2:00 P.M. and 3:00 P.M.

Stories from The Social History of Flatbush as told to Gertrude Lefferts Vanderbilt by her grandmother Femmettie and other stories told by Tammy Hall and guest storytellers.

July 26 & 27 Flax Harvest 2:00PM & 3:00PM

Come help the museum staff and volunteers harvest this year’s flax crop. The flax will then be hung up to dry, soaked in water for 3- 4 weeks.

August 24 Battle of Long Island Workshop 1:30 – 4:30PM
Storytelling 3:00PM

Description: Was a war ever fought in Brooklyn? Come and learn about the role that Brooklyn and the Town of Flatbush had in the Revolutionary War. Maps, stories and illustration activities for children.

LOOKING FOR A FAMILY ACTIVITY - TRY GARDENING

Gardening is a relaxing antidote to today's increasing pace of life. A fresh air type of meditation that clears your mind of stress and worries, and can be an activity that draws the family together.

One reason kids love the garden is that different rules apply there: you're allowed to get dirty, touch things, and even eat the flowers! Herbs and edible blooms fit well into this plan, releasing their appetizing and alluring aromas when handled. Pinching leaves and nibbling a nasturtium petal enlivens the senses, and can lead to interesting explorations.

In a short time, you see demonstrated positive results of your efforts; and as the growing season progresses, you gain a sense of achievement and pride in your garden. For children, it can be one way of building confidence and self esteem.

Gardens and Gardening


Duke Farms is open by reservation only: (908) 722-3700. The hourlong tours, Wednesday through Sunday at 11 a.m. and 2 p.m., begin June 4 and continue into November. Tickets: $10. Information: www.ddcf.org.

ARTICLE ABOUT TOUR OF 11 GARDENS FOLLOWS:

The New York Times
Duke Farms in New Jersey was a playground for Doris Duke.

By ANNE RAVER


ILLSBOROUGH, N.J.
On a misty day last week, I toured 700 acres of a vast pastoral landscape here that could have been in England. Deer raised their heads in an emerald-green meadow. All of London plane trees led to arched bridges over quiet lakes fed by meandering streams and gushing waterfalls. Fountains and classical statues greeted me at every turn, even in the picturesque ruins of a stone hay barn.

This pleasure ground, the core of Duke Farms, Doris Duke's 2,700-acre private estate, will open to the public on June 4 for the first time in 75 years. The only part of Duke Farms previously open to the public was Ms. Duke's dizzying international smorgasbord of 11 manicured gardens. Under an acre of glass and called Gardens of Nations, it has since 1964 accepted about 35,000 visitors each year from September through May.

I was excited, imagining how people could now wander this early 20th-century landscape, created by a number of architects and engineers, including James L. Greenleaf, Ellen Biddle Shipman and Buckenham & Miller. How the public might picnic under the 100-year-old oaks, sketch the nine man-made lakes, spoon on the arching bridges, puzzle over the vine-covered foundation of the mansion that Ms. Duke's father, James Buchanan "Buck" Duke abandoned at the onset of World War I.

But, in fact, members of the public will not be wandering about unaccompanied. Visitors will board small trolleylike buses for guided tours, which will occur twice a day. "People will be able to get out of the trolley at certain places for a few minutes," said Priscilla Brendler, the program director for Duke Farms, one of three properties run by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, "but they can't go off by themselves."

"But why not?" I asked, sniffing a purple lilac and admiring a statue of a headless woman in classical drapery. This really is, as a reporter in 1909 called it, the Central Park of New Jersey. Like Frederick Law Olmsted, who moved boulders and earth to create a piece of the Adirondacks in Central Park, Buck Duke replicated the rolling Piedmont in sandy New Jersey. "Buck had all these boulders brought in," Ms. Brendler said, explaining that he dug lakes in the flat farm fields and used the scooped-out earth to build hills. The project cost him millions of dollars.

"Buck wanted it open, where people could walk and picnic," Ms. Brendler said. He hired a constable to maintain decorum. But people drove their cars over the lawns and vandalized the statues.

The final straw was a large touring party of 180 cars. According to a 1915 newspaper account, they left their empty lunch boxes and bottles behind, and picked flowers despite signs prohibiting it. Later, Ms. Duke occasionally opened the grounds for activities like sunrise services.

Ms. Brendler chauffeured me along one of the manicured drives that wind for 30 miles through the estate. We passed the foundation of Mr. Duke's great unbuilt house. "It was supposed to be a French chateau," Ms. Brendler said, "but Buck donated the steel to the war effort."

She pointed out the Mermaid Pool, near the foundation, where Ms. Duke liked to swim. She was Buck Duke's only child, born to his second wife, Nanaline. He died in 1925, when his daughter was 12.

"Doris adored her father," Ms. Brendler said. She stopped the van and let me out so I could stare over a balustrade, obviously built with a grand house in mind. It overlooks a terraced greensward that slopes toward a distant woods.

"We call that the Great Lawn," Ms. Brendler said, estimating it to be a quarter-mile long. The rippled effect reminded me of Middleton Place, an old plantation outside Charleston.

Ms. Duke attended various boarding schools and she spoke nine languages. In 1932 she married a sportsman, James H. R. Cromwell, and the two went on a world tour. The sights she saw influenced the gardens she built at Duke Farms, at her house in Honolulu (where she swam in a 65-foot-long saltwater pool) and at her house in Newport (where she swam off the rocks in the ocean).

"Miss Duke was very personally involved, very hands-on," said Patrick Lerch, the foundation's director of properties. "She would say, `No, that's not right,' and hand the men a sketch or photo."

Ms. Duke was married to Mr. Cromwell for eight years. Her second marriage, to the infamous playboy Porfirio Rubirosa, "a diplomat from the Dominican Republic," as Mr. Lerch phrased it, lasted only a year.

I stared longingly in the direction of the old farmhouse, where the family lived.

"Doris built the Hollywood wing in 1935 for her and Jimmy," Ms. Brendler said, referring to Mr. Cromwell. "It was Art Deco, with a theater and a bar, a bowling alley and an indoor pool and enclosed clay tennis court."

Could I see it?

"Oh no, that's not allowed," Ms. Brendler said. The house is now used for the storage of files and papers; an archivist works in the basement. The current generation of gawkers will be allowed onto the premises by appointment, just 30 at a time. Mr. Lerch called this an "initial program," hinting at greater access to come.

"We want to make it available, so the general public can enjoy its resources," he said, "but we need to preserve and protect the habitat."

Duke Farms does not now have enough rest rooms or parking for large numbers of people. "We have no signage or trails, no park rangers," he said.

I wondered why some of the $1.2 billion in the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, which supports, among other things, the Brooklyn Academy of Music and National Public Radio, couldn't be tapped for the kind of amenities that would really make this a public park. But that is a long way off, Mr. Lerch said, if ever.

"The bottom line is, this is not Central Park, which has public roads and sidewalks going through it," he said. So as it stands now, visitors will get only a tantalizing glimpse, from a trolley, of how the fabulously wealthy roughed it in the country.

Buck Duke, born in 1856, was the son of a tobacco farmer and cigarette manufacturer. He boosted the family fortune by pioneering the use of the cigarette rolling machine, and founded the American Tobacco Company in 1890. Eight years later, the company was producing 3.7 billion cigarettes annually. "That was half the cigarettes produced in the country," Ms. Brendler said.

The Supreme Court found the company to be a monopoly and dissolved it in 1911, and Mr. Duke turned his attention to hydroelectric power. By 1925 Duke Power was supplying electricity to more than 300 cotton mills, as well as towns throughout the Piedmont region of the Carolinas. After he made a donation to Trinity College in Durham, N.C., it was renamed Duke University.

Mr. Duke began buying land along the Raritan River in New Jersey for what would become Duke Farms in 1893.

"Buck lived here as a country farmer," Ms. Brendler said. "Other wealthy families were going out to Newport and Long Island, but he wanted to play with his farm and his hydroelectric plant on the Raritan River."

His plant powered the estate and outlying areas. His fascination with waterworks explains the property's many streams, waterfalls and lakes.

Ms. Duke died in 1993 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Her obituary in The New York Times appeared under the headline "Doris Duke, 80, Heiress Whose Great Wealth Couldn't Buy Happiness, Is Dead."

Mr. Lerch said that her will specifies that Duke Farms be devoted to environmental protection and education. Rutgers University is studying the elm trees, as well as native plants and invasive species. And wildlife is finding a haven here.

"We have a pair of nesting golden eagles, 15 coyotes and a great horned owl," Ms. Brendler said. Visitors may also get a glimpse of Princess, a 15-year-old camel. "Doris bought a Boeing 737 from a gentleman in the Middle East," Ms. Brendler said. Two Bactrian camels "the double-humped model," Mr. Lerch joked "were part of the deal."

Leaving Duke Farms, I could only hope that the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation would hurry to get the restrooms and the rangers ready. The public is hungry for open space, and even hungrier for places that have been stamped, as Duke Farms has, by wealth, drama, taste and time.

CURRENT EXHIBITS IN BROOKLYN
Baseball's Back in Brooklyn
On display at the Brooklyn Cyclone's Stadium,
Keyspan Park, Coney Island

Retracing the Revolution. Wartime on Brooklyn's Soil.
Old Stone House, 336 Third Street, Park Slope


Brooklyn Stories and Digging in Downtown
New York Marriott Lobby, Archives Restaurant
333 Adams Street

New Neighbors: Sunset Park's Chinese Community
Chinese Cultural Center
5002 8th Ave., Sunset Park


In Pursuit of Freedom: African-Americans in Brooklyn and the Anti-Slavery Movement
Call for location 718-222-4111


Brooklyn Works: 400 Years of Making a Living in Brooklyn, a new core exhibit is currently being created. Call Brooklyn Historic Society

Volume XVIII, Number 3829 Thursday, March 27th, 2003


A HIKE FOR EVERY BOROUGH


Now that spring has arrived, there’s no excuse to stay inside. You owe it to your sunlight starved body to get outside and take a long walk. Spring is an elusive season—it’s here and gone before you know it—and this weekend will be one of the few times you’ll be able to see budding trees, just-bloomed crocuses, and overflowing streams and puddles. There are dozens of trails all over the city that are perfect for rediscovering the great outdoors. Some of the city’s best hikes are listed below, but for a complete overview of hikes in your neighborhood park, call the Urban Park Rangers—they might even be hosting a guided hike somewhere near you. It’s also a good idea to check with the Rangers to get an update on trail conditions, especially if the weather has been rainy. To find the Urban Park Ranger station closest to you, call 1-866-NYC-HAWK.


In Brooklyn, the Salt Marsh Nature Trail is especially beautiful this time of year. The trail lies at the westernmost inlet of Jamaica Bay in Marine Park and begins at the Salt Marsh Nature center. About a mile long, the trail is a gravel path that follows the edge of the salt marsh, giving hikers glimpses of wetland wildlife. In the spring, red-winged blackbirds sing among the cattails and Beach Plum, Henbit and Purple Dead Nettle bloom. A bridge at the beginning of the trail offers hikers a place to look for fiddler and horseshoe crabs. In late spring, the new growth of plants and flowers sometimes becomes so thick that they nearly engulf the trail, creating a green buffer that surrounds the trail and muffles urban distractions.


A hike through Alley Pond Park in Queens will lead you around glacial "Kettle Ponds." The park lies on a glacier-formed ridge of sand and rock that marks the southern terminus of the Minnesota Ice Sheet. The "Kettle Ponds" were formed by buried chunks of ice that melted and formed pools when the glacier receded. Water drains into the valley from the hills and bubbles up from natural springs, mixing with the salt water from Little Neck Bay. The ponds are host to freshwater and saltwater wetlands, tidal flats, meadows, and forest, creating a complex ecosystem that gives curious hikers a huge variety of animal and plant life to observe.


City of New York Parks & Recreation Daily Planet Newsletter

At MoMA Film at The Gramercy Theatre:

Summer Repertory
Date: July 5–August 31
Location: The Gramercy Theatre
Description: The Department of Film and Media has over twenty thousand films and videos in its archives in Hamlin, Pennsylvania. These works span the history and culture of cinema- and videomaking. Members of the Department of Film and Media selected works from the collection to be presented.
Highlights in August include three films by Japanese master Kenji Mizoguchi; Shirley Clarke’s The Connection (1961), presented in tribute to the late playwright/screenwriter Jack Gelber; and a selection of videos by Gary Hill, Joan Jonas, Chris Marker, Bill Viola, and others.


Premiere Brazil!
Directed by Dorothy Arzner
This brief view into the creativity and diversity of contemporary Brazilian cinema was selected by Jytte Jensen, Associate Curator, Department of Film and Media, The Museum of Modern Art; Ilda Santiago, Director, Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival; Claudia Dutra, Brazilian Film Festival of Miami; and in consultation with Fabiano Canosa.

Lecture: Ansel Adams at His Best
Date: Tuesday, September 30,
Time: 6:30 p.m.
Location: MoMA Film at The Gramercy Theatre
127 East 23 Street at Lexington Avenue, Manhattan

Description: Lecture and discussions of the nature photographer's works, with John Szarkowski, Director Emeritus, Department of Photography, The Museum of Modern Art, and Curator of Ansel Adams at 100.

Fees: Tickets are $10, $8 for members, $5 for students, and can be purchased only in person at the MoMA QNS Lobby Ticketing Desk, 33 Street at Queens Boulevard; and, the Visitor Center at MoMA Design Store, 44 West 53 Street, Manhattan. Remaining tickets will be available at the door on the evening of the program. No phone registration.
_________________________________________________--------------------------------------------------
Agosto 6-10

La Tabla del Fuerte K10-003 Hamilton de la Calle del Comercio Brooklyn 10am-6pm Festival; Avenida de Fuerte
Hamilton apuesta 65th San - 70th San (5 bloques)

Agosto 7 - 10

S. Q1-009. La Iglesia de Irene Chrysovalantou Reinas 5pm-11pm Festivales; Avda vigésimo tercero apuesta 36th
San - Viaducto de Amtrak (2 bloques)

El viernes, agosto 8

La Calle de la Juventud de Manhattan M1-006 Martes de carnaval Justo Manhattan 11am-6pm; apuesta de Calle de
Fulton Broadway - la Calle Oro (3 bloques)

El sábado, agosto 9

La Calle de la Coalición de la Comunidad del Puerto marítimo M1-013 Martes de carnaval Justo Manhattan
11am-6pm; apuesta de Calle de Agua Fulton San - Anchos San (5 bloques)

La Calle de la Comunidad de Cuidar M2-048 Clearview Manhattan 11am-6pm Justo; Washington el Norte Cuadrado
apuesta Avda Ave-6th quinta (5 bloques)

El domingo, agosto 10

M5-118 El Círculo de Trabajadores, S.a. El Martes de carnaval festival Manhattan 11am-6pm; la Avenida de
Madison apuesta 42nd San - 57th San (15 bloques)

PP# 5 Desfile Dominicano de Día Manhattan 1:30pm; Sexta Avda apuesta 36th San & 56th San

El Río del Triatlón de NYC Citywide Hudson/Cycling/el Parque Central

PP# 73 Brooklyn el Desfile Dominicano de Día Brooklyn 1 p.m.; Avda de Graham & Deveboise al Parque de Lindsay

La Calle de la OFERTA de la Avenida del Mirto Q5-027 de Clearview 11am-6pm Festival Reinas; Avda de Mirto
apuesta Avda Fresca de Camino de Charca Wyckoff (11 bloques)

Agosto 14 - 17

Borgetto Q1-010 Assn Cultural. Las Reinas 6pm-11pm festivales; Steinway San apuesta Avda vigésimo quinto -
Avda vigésimo octavo (1 bloque)

Agosto 14 - 21

M11-015 Los Pugilistas Jubilados de Carnaval de Puerto Rico Manhattan 4pm-10pm; apuesta 109th Oriental de
Calle Avda Terceras de Segundo (1 bloque)

el viernes, agosto 15

La Comunidad M1-019 Abordar No. 1 Calle Martes de carnaval Festival Manhattan 11am-6pm; el Sur de apuesta de
Wall Street San - Rega San (2 bloques)

El sábado, agosto 16

La Aldea M2-049 la Calle de Vecinos Clearview Manhattan 11am-6pm Justo que Visitan; apuesta de Lugar de
Universidad Ondea Pl-14th San (7 bloques)

El republicano de Jóvenes de NY M5-119 Golpea Martes de carnaval Festival Manhattan 11am-6pm; Séptima Avda
apuesta 47th San - 57th San (10 bloques)

M10- la Semana de Harlem "la Noche Exterior de sábado" Manhattan 9am-6pm; S. 135th de apuesta de Calle. Avda de
Nicholas - Avda de Lenox (4 bloques)

El domingo, agosto 17

23 M5-058/061 San Assn. & S. La Calle de Fondos de Beca de Cecile Clearview Manhattan 11am-6pm Justo; Sexto 14 de
apuesta de Avda -23 San (9 bloques)

PP# 66 Desfile de Día de Independencia de India Manhattan 1 p.m.; la Avenida de Madison apuesta 41st al 27 San

M6-017 la Calle 55th Oriental Sinagoga Conservadora Martes de carnaval Festival Manhattan 11am-6pm; Avda de
Lexington apuesta 45th St-57th San (12 bloques)

M10- la Semana de Harlem "Día de Harlem 2003" Calle Manhattan 10am-6pm Festival; S. 135th de apuesta de Calle.
Nicholas Avda Quinta de Avda (5 bloques)

La Calle de Mercaderes de Avenida de Washington K8-004 Brooklyn 10am-6pm Festival; Avda de Washington apuesta
Pkwy Oriental San. Avda de marcas (5 bloques)

La Calle de Mercaderes de Avenida de Nostrand K9-003 Brooklyn 9am-6pm Festival; el Imperio de apuesta de Avda
de Nostrand Blvd - Avda de Clarkson (11 bloques)

K14-004 Mercaderes Americanos pakistaníes Assn. La Celebración de la independencia Brooklyn 10am-6pm; de Avda
de apuesta de Avenida de Isla de Coney Newkirk H Avda (2 bloques)

La Calle de la OFERTA de la Calle de Steinway Q1-011 de Clearview 11am-6pm Festival Reinas; Steinway San
apuesta Avda vigésimo octavo - Avda 35th (7 bloques)

Agosto 21 - 31

El Banquete K11-005 de la Sociedad de Santa Rosalia Brooklyn 5pm-11pm; Avda decimoctavo apuesta Avenida 67th
de Arista de Bahía de Calle (8 bloques)

El sábado, agosto 23

M2-036 Nuestra Dama de la Iglesia de Pompei Clearview Manhattan 11am-6pm Festival; Bleecker San apuesta Avda
Ave-7th sexta; y, el Carmín San apuesta Avda sexta Varick San (5 bloques)

La Iglesia M6-018 de la Calle Buena de Shepard Martes de carnaval Justo Manhattan 11am-6pm; Tercer 23 de
apuesta de Avenida San - 34th San (11 bloques)

El domingo, agosto 24

La Calle de la Aldea de Daytop M5-059 Clearview Manhattan 11am-6pm Festival; Avda de Madison apuesta 42nd San
- 57th San (15 bloques)

PP# 64 Desfile pakistaní de Día de Independencia Manhattan 1 p.m.; la Avenida de Madison apuesta 41st San - 26
San

M5-184 Día pakistaní Manhattan 2pm-6pm Festival; 23 de apuesta de Avenida de Madison - 26 San (3 bloques)

La Calle del Club del republicano del Parque de Gramercy M6-019 Martes de carnaval Justo Manhattan 11am-6pm;
Tercera apuesta de la Avenida la Calle decimocuarta - 23 San (11 bloques)

La Playa de Brighton K13-001 el Aniversario Anual vigésimo sexto Brooklyn 10am-6pm; la Playa de Brighton &
Avda de Isla de Coney entre el Lugar de Corbin y el Tribunal de Brightwater (6 bloques)

Agosto de 29 septiembres 1

Carnaval M11-009 Aguadillano Teatro Moderno Puertoriqueno Manhattan 10am-10pm; apuesta 116th Oriental de Calle
las Avenidas Terceras de Segundo (1 bloque)

El sábado, agosto 30

PP# 31 NYC Corre a la Libertad 10K Manhattan 8:30am; el Comienzo: Indica San y el Lugar de Batería Bajo
Manhattan

La Lesbiana M2-051, Alegre, Bisexual & Transgender Com. Ctr Mort Festival & Rayo Manhattan 11am-6pm; la Avenida
de Greenwich apuesta Sexta Avda-al oeste duodécimos San (6 bloques)

Los Amigos M6-020 de la Calle de Plaza de DagHammarskjold Martes de carnaval Justo Manhattan 11am-6pm; Segunda
Avenida apuesta 43rd San - 53rd San (10 bloques)

M8-017 la Asociación Oriental del Vencindario de Sesenta Clearview Manhattan 11am-6pm Festival; Avda 60th
Oriental de apuesta de Calle Madison - Avda de Parque (1 bloque)

PP# 20 Indio del Oeste de Niños Carnaval Americano de Día Brooklyn 10am; Kingston & S. John Pl al Motivo del
Museo de Brooklyn

El chino K12-007 Promete la Calle Bautista del Verano de la Iglesia Brooklyn 10am-5:30pm Justo; la Avenida
octava apuesta 47th San - 54th San (8 bloques)

De cámara de comercio de Q2-035 Sunnyside Clearview 11am-6pm Reinas; Avda de Greenpoint apuesta 44th St-48th
San; y, 46th San Avda de Reinas de apuesta Blvd Greenpoint (5 bloques)

Agosto 30 - septiembre 1

Washington M2-050 la Exhibición al aire libre Cuadrada del Arte Manhattan Noon-6pm; la Periferia de Washington
el Parque Cuadrado (21 bloques)

El domingo, agosto 31

El brasileño M5-120 Martes de carnaval Festival Manhattan 9am-6pm; Sexta Avenida apuesta 42nd San - 56th San;
y, la Calle 46th apuesta Quintas y Séptimas Avenidas (17 bloques)

X12- S. El Carnaval de Estados Unidos de América de Lucia Bronx 10am-6pm; apuesta de Avda de Webster Rd E
Oriental de Colina de Fusil. 233rd San (20 bloques)

La Calle de cámara de comercio de Colinas de Bosque Q6-003 de Clearview 11am-6pm Festival Reinas; Avda de
apuesta de Calle de Austin Ascan Yellowstone Blvd; y Reinas Continentales de apuesta de Avda Blvd - Austin San
(8 bloques)

Este Calendario es presentado por la Unidad de Ayuda de Comunidad de la Oficina del Alcalde. Favor de notar que los acontecimientos son susceptible cambiar.

¡APENAS PARA NIÑOS! en Reinas el Jardín (QBG) BotánicoAgosto 6-10
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Nuestra serie popular de talleres de fin de semana para edades de niños 3 a 12, continúan este verano con instructores de QBG y amigos. ¡El espacio se limita, así que llega garantizar temprano su lugar! Por favor registro en la Tienda de Planta antes de cada programa. Los talleres comienzan inmediatamente y duran aproximadamente una hora.

Los Pájaros del Programa de la familia Son sábados Hermosos, el 12 de julio de 12 el Honorario del mediodía:
$5; $4 miembros

Obtenga para saber que nuestro ha a amigos emplumados. Una Urte Schaedle en un “la caminata de pájaro” por Reinas el Jardín Botánico. Aprenda lo que usted puede hacer para atraer pájaros a su propio jardín o el alféizar. Entonces, construye un alimentador de pájaro para tomar hogar.

Los niños’s el Viaje al aire libre del Descubrimiento el sábado, el 9 de agosto de 12 el Honorario del
mediodía: $5; $4 miembros

El interno de HSBC Michele Krejci indican los niños y a sus padres por las maravillas de Reinas el Jardín Botánico. Descubra los olores y las texturas de plantas y aprenda los papeles de abejas, otros insectos, los pájaros y los animales.

El Indio Americano Pow Wow el sábado, el 23 de agosto de 12 el mediodía a 4 Liberta p.m.

El Tribu de la Nación de Ohatchee Cherokee trae su Pow Wow anual a QBG este año. Esta celebración representa el baile de Indio Americano, la cara pintando, narrativa, y los vendedores en el Jardín’arboretum de s.

El té y las Maneraes el sábado, el 13 de septiembre de 11 soy el Honorario: $5; $4 miembros

Es nunca demasiado temprano aprender las maneraes apropiadas de tabla. Una a Isabel Caballero, el autor de Té Con Amigos, cuando ella hacen una lección en niños’la etiqueta de té de s ambos agradable y enriquecer. Los niños serán servidos té y galletas en la conclusión de este programa, presentado como parte de Niños Nacionales’s Mes Bueno de Maneraes.

La Prima de la Tierra el sábado, el 27 de septiembre de 12 el Honorario del mediodía: $5; $4 miembros

Celebre el tiempo de cosecha por el movimiento. Utilizar fiesta de la cosecha las tradiciones de Viejo

Europa, el instructor Laura Melling explorarán los temas de madurar, de cosechar, de almacenar, y de Gracias que da. Los niños serán movidos hacia una comprensión de nuestra prima común del verano y preparar por el invierno.


Los NIÑOS de HSBC’el JARDIN de S 2003

¡Abra al horticulturists del echar brotes se envejece 5 a 14, estas aventuras al aire libre permiten los niños para plantar, mantener, y para cosechar flores, las verduras, y las hierbas; mariposa de diseño, la piedra, y los jardines de hierba; reunir insectos; identifique flores; tome parte en talleres y actividades hechas a mano; y más! Para registrar, llamar el departamento de la educación en (718) 886-3800, ext. 229. Los Niños’el Jardín de s goza apoyo de plomo de HSBC en la Comunidad (los Estados Unidos de América), S.a. en 2003.

La Sesión de la caída septiembre 6 por 27 sábados, 9:30 está a 12 Honorario del mediodía: $30; $25 miembros

El VERANO HABLA Y los TALLERES

El verano bienvenido con nuestra alineación nueva de discursos presentados por el personal de QBG y colegas, en temas del interés a todos jardineros. Encuentre en la Tienda de Planta antes del comienzo de cada programa, a menos que de otro modo note.

Los martes culturales de Foros de Investigación, julio 15 y el 19 de agosto de 7 Liberta p.m.

¿Cuán profundamente “arraigó” es usted en Reinas? ¿Cómo utiliza usted plantas como expresiones de su familia’la herencia de s en la vida diaria y para celebrar las ocasiones especiales? QBG apreciaría saber las plantas significativas del papel en su vida. Una QBG investigador cultural Chloe Frommer para una discusión de cómo plantas encontraron en la cultura material son utilizados para crear un sentido de rootedness, del hogar, de la familiaridad, de la pertenencia, y de la identidad cultural en un contexto nuevo y la colocación urbana. Estos foros permitirán que participantes explorarán los comunes y las diferencias que ambas conexión y diferenciarán las experiencias de inmigrante. Todo está bienvenido. Para aprender más y tomar parte en un foro, la llamada (718) 886-3800, ext, 224.

El Cuidado de Composting y Césped (en Español) el sábado, el 19 de julio de 10 estoy a 12 mediodía Liberta

Una NYC Certificó a Reinas Composter Fernando Forero Magistral para una introducción al arte de composting y aprende los pasos básicos para un sano, la sustancia química liberta césped verde. Sr. Forero presentará su taller enteramente en español.

Curación con Hierbas el sábado, el 19 de julio de 12 el mediodía Liberta

¿Qué y puede poder’T sea utilizada seguramente hierbas como medicinales? La Caña de Cynthia discutirá el escoger, almacenar, y el uso de hierbas medicinales como tés, los jarabes, las compresas, las cataplasmas, los petróleos, ungüentos, y los baños de hierbas.

Cocina con Hierbas el sábado, el 26 de julio de 12 el mediodía Liberta

Una Cynthia Caña y aprenda las técnicas generales de utilizar hierbas frescas, secada y congelada. Ella demostrará para cómo hacer vinagres de hierbas, los petróleos y las mantequillas condimentados de hierba, y la sal libertan las mezclas de hierbas, y sugieren para cuán utilizarlos mejor con alimentos.

El Cuidado natural del Césped el sábado, el 16 de agosto de 10 estoy a 12 mediodía Liberta Visita el Escritorio de Información en
el vestíbulo de la Construcción de la Administración para la ubicación del curso.

El director de la educación Patty Kleinberg explica cómo usted puede crecer un césped verde y sano este verano sin el uso estresante de sustancias químicas utilizando la semilla correcta de césped o cubiertas vegetales de alternativa, rega, y corta.

El traspatio Composting el sábado, el 6 de septiembre de 10 estoy a 12 mediodía Liberta Visita el Escritorio de Información en el
vestíbulo de la Construcción de la Administración para la ubicación del curso.

De hojas, el desecho de la cocina, cuttings de jardín, e incluso destrozó periódicos pueden venir tierra rica y oscura. Averigüe los principios de composting: qué composting es, cómo lo hacer derecho en su propio traspatio, y cómo utilizar el abono terminado. Aprenda a cómo evitar y resolver los problemas, así como qué equipo y los instrumentos son útiles. El director de QBG de la educación Patty Kleinberg proporcionará el paso por paso instrucción.

El VERANO CONCIERTA
¡Los aires grandes, los sonidos grandes, la diversión grande! Goce un verano repleto de la música tradicional y los aires de antaño, realizado por parte del músicos locales más finos alrededor. Traiga una frazada o una silla a estos liberta los desempeños al aire libre, presentado en el Jardín’s Grande Césped.

Eart’Acte el jueves, el 3 de julio de 7 Liberta p.m.

Este desempeño de Americano la música contemporánea representa las composiciones originales para la flauta y la guitarra.

Los ritmos alrededor del Mundo el domingo, el 27 de julio de 6 Liberta p.m.

Los ritmos y los golpes de drumming tradicional y cantar el asidero el significado especial en la herencia y experiencias de culturas alrededor del mundo. Goce una tarde de sonidos extraordinarios y distintivo inspirados por tradiciones globales. Este programa se presenta en la colaboración con el Limpiar el Concilio judío de la Comunidad’s el Comité Multicultural.

La Banda pequeña del Latón de la Banda Americana del Concierto el jueves, el 7 de agosto de 7 Liberta p.m.

Un desempeño de Taponazos de aires utilizando de dedo celebra nuestra nación’la herencia de s. Este conjunto de seis pedazos del fundador Americano de características de Banda de Concierto y director Dr. Kirby Alegre, un talentoso y sazonar a conductor y trompeta virtuosos, en primero trompeta, artistas positivos en segunda trompeta, el trombón, el saxso/el clarinete, la tuba, y el tambor.

La Orquesta de Lew Picardi el jueves, el 14 de agosto de 7 Liberta p.m.

¡La luna, las estrellas, y los sonidos de la Sala de baile de Luz de las estrellas! Goce un anochecer de la música grande irresistible de la banda de la década de los 40 y años cincuenta.

Costa de Phil & El Algo Banda Grande Especial el jueves, el 21 de agosto de 7 Liberta p.m.

La nostalgia reina cuando uno del columpio más fino/las bandas del jazz en el área metropolitana traen su repertorio grande de la banda a QBG. Mejor conocido para su estilo Basie, El Algo Banda Grande Especial representa a vocalista anterior de Basie Kim Lawrence. Goce al Conde’s clásico, así como ésos de Duque Ellington, los arreglos contemporáneos por Sammy Nestico de parte del grandes estándares, y más.

La Banda de la Fiesta de reinas el domingo, el 7 de septiembre de 4 Liberta p.m.

Goce una tarde de Dixieland y el jazz clásico con conductor Michael Canipi y miembros uno del barrio’s más viejas y la mayoría de las amadas bandas.

La INFORMACION GENERAL

La información: (718) 886-3800 Horas del Verano: (por septiembre 30) : el martes por el viernes, 8 están a 6 p.m.; el sábado y el domingo, 8 están a 7 p.m. Cerró lunes de todo el año, menos días festivas oficiales. La admisión: Liberta Estacionamiento: Estacionamiento está disponible en el Jardín’terreno de s en la Avenida de la Dalia. Hay un $5 honorario de estacionar en QBG el sábado y los domingos, de 9 están a 6 p.m., de marzo medio por septiembre, y en días laborables, de julio 1 por septiembre 1 (Día de Partido Laborista), de 9 estoy a 5 p.m.

Las Actividades de la familia: la Horticultura, los viajes, los museos

La Fiesta Roja pequeña del Faro.
La ubicación: la Fecha del Parque de Fuerte Washington: el sábado, septiembre 13 vez: 12:00-5:00 p.m.

La descripción: la Celebración de Manhattan único hayrides de representar de faro, los viajes de faro, la cara pintando, un payaso, un zanco walke, con la música viva, los cuentos de leer de celebridad, náuticamente exhibiciones de themed y demostraciones de más de 40 organizaciones.

El Proyecto de la Restauración de nueva York (NYRP), el grupo de Midler de Bette (con la misión semejante al BQLT "restaura, desarrolla, y revitaliza los parques de underserved, los jardines de la comunidad, y abre espacia en la Ciudad de Nueva York") y la Confianza de Faro de anfitriones de Ciudad de Nueva York este acontecimiento anual undécimo.

El contacto: Jane Jackson, en (212) 333-2552 en ofrecerse.

Lefferts MUSEO Histórico de Casa Y ACONTECIMIENTOS PARA NIÑOS Y FAMILIAS
En la gente de 18 y siglo XIX cuyos orígenes eran Europa, Africa y norteamérica habitaron la aldea de Flatbush y el área alrededor de lo. Lefferts la Casa Histórica, una finca construyó C. 1783, son un museo para niños y adultos que enfoca su investigación, programar y exhibiciones en el día a día viven de estas gente verdadera.

El Teléfono del museo: (718) 789-2822

La ubicación: Patrimonio Familiar de Lefferts se localiza en el Parque de la Perspectiva en la Avenida de Flatbush entre el Zoo y el Carrusel (Bulevar cercano de Imperio).

· Los Grupos de diez o más deben llamar a hacer una reservación en 718/789-2822.



· Primero exhibiciones de piso y espacios de período son accesibles vía una rampa al primer piso. Segundas exhibiciones del Piso se reproducen en el primer piso con “Arriba Abajo” las materias que utilizan los modelos y las fotografías.

2003 Junio – agosto

Las Horas Públicas libres: Entre Día Conmemorativo de Día y Partido Laborista: el jueves al domingo 12:00 –6:00PM

El Club de la horticultura. Todos son bienvenido a une el Club de la Horticultura de jueves y planta de ayuda, la hierba, afina, rega y cosecha verduras en el museo’el jardín de s. Aprenda a cómo hacer abono y encontrar muchas criaturas diferentes del jardín. Para unir el Club de la Horticultura, venir y firmar arriba cualquier jueves en el Patrimonio Familiar de 1:30 – 3:30. Todo se envejece y los niveles de la experiencia están bienvenidos.

El Club de coser. Los visitantes de todo se envejecen y los niveles de la habilidad pueden unir el viernes el Club que Cose. Los visitantes pueden aprender las técnicas o el trabajo de coser básicos en sus propios proyectos. Para unir el Club de coser, viene y firma arriba cualquier viernes en el Patrimonio Familiar de 1:30 – 3:30. Todo se envejece y los niveles de la experiencia están bienvenidos.

Los Acontecimientos Públicos libres: julio & agosto (domingos)

Las Canciones del verano y 2:00 de Cuentos de la tarde y 3:00 de la tarde.

Los cuentos de La Historia Social de Flatbush como se dijo a Gertrudis Lefferts Vanderbilt por su abuela Femmettie y otros cuentos dichos por storytellers de Vestíbulo y huésped de Tammy.

Julio 26 & 27 Cosecha 2:00PM de Lino & 3:00PM

Venga ayuda el personal de museo y los voluntarios cosechan este año’la cosecha de lino de s. El lino entonces será colgado para secar, empapado en el agua para 3- 4 semanas.

Agosto 24 Batalla de Taller 1:30 Largo de Isla – Narrativa 4:30PM en 3:00 de la tarde.

¿Fue luchada jamás una guerra en Brooklyn? Venga y aprenda acerca del papel que Brooklyn y el Pueblo de Flatbush tuvieron en la Guerra Revolucionaria. Los mapas, los cuentos y la ilustración actividades para niños.

BUSCAR UNA ACTIVIDAD de la FAMILIA - la HORTICULTURA de la PRUEBA

La horticultura es un antídoto tranquilo al paso creciente actual de la vida. Un tipo aéreo fresco de la meditación que limpia su mente del énfasis y preocupaciones, y puede ser una actividad que dibuja la familia junta.

Un niños de la razón aman el jardín es que las reglas diferentes aplican allí: usted es permitido obtener sucio, las cosas del toque, e incluso comer las flores! Las hierbas y las flores comestibles quedan bien en este plan, liberar su apetitoso y aromas que atraen cuando manejó. Las hojas que pellizcan y mordiscar un pétalo de capuchina aviva los sentidos, y puede llevar a interesar las exploraciones.

En un tiempo corto, usted ve los resultados positivos demostrados de sus esfuerzos; y como los progreso crecientes de temporada, usted gana un sentido del logro y el orgullo en su jardín. Para niños, puede ser una manera de la construcción la confianza y auto estima.


B>Alcance de Asociación de Club de jardín: El Club del Jardín de Olimpo
Las ubicaciones de reuniones: Rama Grande de Plaza de Ejército Brooklyn Miembros Públicos de Biblioteca se Alojan, segundo flr. Los jueves de la Ala Dates:2nd
de niños de cada mes. Julio 10, el Tiempo: Oradores de Tónica 6:00-8:00PM - Cambia mensual, será anunciado los Temas - Cambia mensual, será anunciado el
Contacto: Yolanda Cohen, el Club Pres. 718 575 9203 Honorario de la Asociación: $30/annual

El Museo de Voelker Orth, Santuario de Pájaro y Jardín Victoriano abrieron este primavera a Limpiar, en 149-19 Avenida 38th que es un sur del bloque de Bulevar Septentrional. Este museo tiene los programas de la familia que representan la historia de la Isla y Reinas Largas. Ellos representan las conferencias, los viajes, concertado, y otro mirar cultural del valor de acontecimientos en.

Un conocido tuvo un anticuado el partido Victoriano de té por sus cumpleaños jóvenes de hija. Ella y sus amigos entraron con la idea de jugar arregla. Mientras allí, ellos gozaron el jardín, el helado, los juegos, y los cuentos acerca de la historia del jardín.

El viaje del jardín y la casa vieja hermosa de marco de madera, según mi conocido, valía la visita. Para más información, llame (718)359 6227.

El duque Cultiva está abierto por la reservación sólo: (908) 722-3700.

Los viajes de hourlong, el miércoles por el domingo a las 11 de la mañana y 2 de la tarde, comienza junio 4 y continúa en noviembre. Los boletos: $10. La información: www. ddcf. la org.

El artículo acerca de los 11 seguir del viaje del jardín:

Los jardines y la Horticultura Las Granjas de Duque de New York Times en Nueva Jersey eran un campo de juegos para el Duque de Doris.

Por ANNE más ENTUSIASTA

ILLSBOROUGH, N. J. En un día brumoso la semana pasada, yo viajé 700 acres de un paisaje pastoral vasto aquí que podría haber estado en Inglaterra. El venado levantó las cabezas en una pradera verde de esmeralda. Todos árboles del avión de Londres llevaron a puentes arqueados sobre lagos callados alimentados vagando las corrientes y las cataratas que salin a chorros. Las fuentes y las estatuas clásicas me saludaron en cada vuelta, aún en las ruinas pintorescas de un granero de heno de piedra.

Este suelo del placer, el centro de Granjas de Duque, de Doris 2,700-acre propiedad Duque privada, abrirá al público el 4 de junio por la primera vez en 75 años. La única parte de Granjas de Duque abre previamente al público era Duque de Sra. es marear smorgasbord internacional de 11 jardines de manicured. Bajo un acre de vidrio y llamó los Jardines de Naciones, tienen desde que 1964 aceptado acerca de 35,000 visitantes cada año de septiembre por Puede.

Fui emocionado, imaginar cómo gente ahora podría vagar esto paisaje del siglo XX temprano, creado por varios arquitectos e ingenieros, inclusive Mermeladas L. Greenleaf, Marinero de Elena Biddle y Buckenham & Molinero. Cómo el público quizás meriende bajo los robles de 100 años de edad, traza los nueve lagos artificiales, la cuchara en los puentes que arquéan, el enigma sobre la vid cubrió la base de la mansión ese padre de Duque de Sra., las Mermeladas Buchanan Duque "Macho" abandonado en el comienzo de la Guerra de Mundo I.

Pero, de hecho, los miembros del público no estarán vagando acerca de unaccompanied. Los visitantes abordar autobuses pequeños de trolleylike para viajes indicados, que ocurrirá dos veces al día. "Gente será capaz de salir de la tranvía en ciertos lugares para un de pocos minutos," dijo Priscilla Brendler, el director del programa para Granjas de Duque, uno de tres propiedades corren por el Duque de Doris la Base Caritativa, "pero ellos no pueden irse por sí mismos."

¿ "Pero por qué no?" Pregunté, oliendo una lila y admirar púrpuras una estatua de una mujer sin cabeza en colgaduras clásicas. Esto es realmente, cuando un periodista en 1909 lo llamó, el Parque Central de Nueva Jersey. Como la Ley de Frederick Olmsted, que movió cantos rodados y tierra para crear un pedazo del Adirondacks en el Parque Central, Duque Macho replicó el Piedmont rodante en Nueva Jersey cubierto de arena. "Corcovéa tuvo todo estos cantos rodados introdujeron," Sra. Brendler dijeron, explicar que él cavó lagos en los campos planos de la granja y utilizó el sacado fuera la tierra para construir las colinas. El proyecto lo costó millón de dólares.

"Corcovéa quiso abre, donde gente podría caminar y poder merendar," Sra. Brendler dijeron. El empleó a un policía para mantener el decoro. Pero la gente manejó sus coches sobre los céspedes y vandalizó las estatuas.

La paja final era un partido grande que viaja de 180 coches. Según una 1915 cuenta periodística, ellos dejaron su almuerzo vacío encajona y embotella atrás, y flores escogidas a pesar de signos que prohiben. Posterior, Duque de Sra. abrió ocasionalmente el motivo para actividades como servicios de salida del sol.

Sra. Brendler me condujeron por uno del manicured maneja ese viento para 30 millas por la propiedad. Pasamos la base de Sr. Duque grande casa de unbuilt. "Se supuso ser un palacio francés," Sra. Brendler dijeron, "pero Corcovéan donó el acero al esfuerzo de la guerra."

Ella indicó la Piscina de Sirena, cerca de la base, donde Duque de Sra. apreció nadar. Ella era Duque Macha único niño, nacido a su segunda esposa, Nanaline. El murió en 1925, cuando su hija era 12.

"Doris adoró a su padre," Sra. Brendler dijeron. Ella paró la camioneta y me permitió fuera tan podría mirar fijamente sobre una balaustrada, construí obviamente con una casa grande en la mente. Deja pasar un césped de terraced que las cuestas hacia un bosque distante.

"Llamamos que el Grande Césped," Sra. Brendler dijeron, estimarlo ser una milla del cuarto larga. El efecto rizado me recordó de Lugar de Middleton, una plantación vieja Charleston exterior.

El Duque de Sra. asistió varios abordar escuelas y ella habló nueve idiomas. En 1932 ella casó a un deportista, las Mermeladas H. R. Cromwell, y el dos pasaron un viaje alrededor del mundo. Las vistas que ella vio influyeron los jardines que ella construyó en Granjas de Duque, en su casa en Honolulu (donde ella nadó en un piscina de agua salada de 65 larga de pies) y en su casa en Newport (donde ella nadó lejos las piedras en el océano).

"Duque de fallo muy fue implicado personalmente, muy manos en," dijo Patrick Lerch, el director de la base de propiedades. "Ella diría, çNo, eso no es correcto,' y entrega a los hombres un dibujo o la foto."

El Duque de Sra. fue casado a Sr. Cromwell por ocho años. Ella segundo casamiento, al playboy de mala fama Porfirio Rubirosa, "un diplomático de la República Dominicana," como Sr. Lerch lo expresó, durado sólo un año.

Miré fijamente longingly en la dirección de la finca vieja, donde la familia vivió.

"Doris construyó el ala de Hollywood en 1935 para ella y para Palanqueta," Sra. Brendler dijeron, refiriéndose a Sr. Cromwell. "Era la Arte Deco, con un teatro y una barra, con una bolera y una piscina interior y con el campo de tenis encerrado de arcilla."

¿Lo podría ver yo?

"Ah no, eso no se permite," Sra. Brendler dijeron. La casa ahora se utiliza para el almacenamiento de archivos y papeles; un trabajo de archivero en el sótano. La generación actual de gawkers será permitida en el local por la cita, apenas 30 a la vez. Sr. Lerch llamó este un "el programa de inicial," insinuar en el acceso más grande venir.

"Queremos hacerlo disponible, así que el gran público pueda gozar sus recursos," él dijo, "pero necesitamos preservar y proteger el habitat."

Las Granjas del duque no ahora tienen suficientes baños ni estacionamiento para mucha gente. "Tenemos no signage ni los rastros, ningún guardabosques del parque," él dijo.

Me pregunto por qué parte del $1.2 mil millones en el Duque de Doris la Base Caritativa, que sostiene, entre otras cosas, la Academia de Brooklyn de la Música y la Radio Pública Nacional, no se podría utilizar para la clase de amenities que haría realmente este un parque público. Pero eso es una manera larga lejos, Sr. Lerch dijo, si jamás.

"La última línea es, esto no es el Parque Central, que tiene los caminos y las aceras públicos atravesandolo," él dijo. Así que como se para ahora, los visitantes obtendrán sólo una vislumbre que tienta, de una tranvía, de cómo el roughed fabulosamente rico en el país.

El Duque macho, nacido en 1856, era el hijo de un granjero de tabaco y fabricante de cigarrillo. El aumentó la fortuna de la familia colonizando el uso del cigarrillo máquina que arrolla, y fundó la Compañía Americana de Tabaco en 1890. Ocho años posteriores, la compañía producía 3.7 mil millones de cigarrillos anualmente. "Eso era medios los cigarrillos producidos en el país," Sra. Brendler dijeron.

El Tribunal Supremo encontró la compañía para ser un monopolio y lo se disolvió en 1911, y Sr. Duque giró su atención al poder hidroeléctrico. Por 1925 electricidad de la alimentación de Duque a más de 300 molinos de algodón, así como los pueblos a través de la región de Piedmont del Carolinas. Después que él hizo un donativo al Colegio de la Trinidad en Durham, N. C., se reagrupó la Universidad de Duque.

Sr. Duque comenzó comprando la tierra por el Río de Raritan en Nueva Jersey para lo que llegaría a ser las Granjas de Duque en 1893.

"Corcovéa vivido aquí como un granjero del país," Sra. Brendler dijeron. "Otras familias ricas salían a Newport y la Isla Larga, pero él quiso jugar con su granja y su planta hidroeléctrica en el Río de Raritan."

Su planta accionó la propiedad y áreas aisladas. Su fascinación con depuradora explica las muchas corrientes de la propiedad, las cataratas y los lagos.


El Duque de Sra. murió en 1993 en Colinas de Beverly, Calif. Su obituario en El New York Times apareció bajo el titular "Duque de Doris, 80, la Heredera Cuya Grande Riqueza no Podría Comprar la Felicidad, Es Muerta."

Sr. Lerch dijo que ella hace especifica esas Granjas de Duque sean dedicadas a la protección y la educación ambientales. La Universidad de Rutgers estudia los árb